11. Electrolytes Flashcards
hypernatremia is Na above
140
hypernatremia is generally caused by a
free water deficit (NOT excess Na)
hypernatremia is often synonymous with
dehydration
hypernatremia most often occurs in people such as
infants, impaired mental status, or elderly
symptoms of hypernatremia
thirst, dry mucous membranes, agitation, and restlessness
hyponatremia is Na below
125
hyponatremia usually occurs from
excess body water diluting the serum Na
diseases that cause hyponatremia include
CHF, SIAHD, or polydipsia
Na below 125 –>
weakness
Na below 115 –>
confusion and lethargy
major intracellular cation
K
K serum levels are around
4
K is especially important in maintaining
membrane potential in neuromuscular tissue
K will be excreted in response to
aldosterone (Na in, K out)
Alkalosis moves K into or out of the cell?
into
extreme hyperkalemia is an ermgency because of
arrhythmias
symptoms include malaise, palpitations, and muscle weakness
hyperkalemia
nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common in
hyperkalemia
may cause muscular weakness, myalgia, muslce cramps, and constipation
moderate hypokalamia (2.5-3.0)
weakness, paralysis, hyporeflexia, and ileus are common symptoms of
hypokalemia
major extracellular anion that fallows Na to support electrical neutrality
Cl
__ aids in acid base balance because if CO2 and H elevate, bicarbonate moves out and __ moves in to maintain neurtrality
Cl
does hypo/hyperchloremia occur independently?
no
PRIMARILY associated with acid base balance
CO2
