#11 Culture & psychology

Question 1

Fill in the blank: _______ learned early in life that govern the regulation of expressive behaviors, depending on social contexts.

Answer 1

Cultural norms

Question 2

What is another name for culture display rules?

Answer 2

For the most part, emotional display rules.

Question 3

What specifies the appropriateness of displaying certain emotions in particular social settings?

Answer 3

Cultural norms.

Question 4

Name 3 interpersonal spaces:

Answer 4

• Intimate space
• Social & consultative space
• Public space

Question 5

Define culture

Answer 5

Culture is defined as the shared values, beliefs, attitudes, behaviors and customs that govern the
behavior of a group of people.

Question 6

What are 2 factors to consider about culture?

Answer 6

Definitions of culture will vary, whether you’re in the majority group, or ethnic minority group.

Culture can shape the identity & worldviews of people; and enable the members of that group to co-exist and survive.

Question 7

What is cultural shift?

Answer 7

Culture slowly evolves overtime from generation to generation.

Question 8

True or false?
High context cultures interpret actions and words literally, so no need to rely on context or non-verbal cues

Answer 8

False. Low context culture is the right answer.
Basic straight up literally communication - no need to rely on contexts. Is relatively easy for foreigners to enter.
Plus, more interpersonal connections of shorter duration.

Question 9

What context culture pays close attention to nonverbal messages and contextual cues to decode the meaning behind words or actions?

Answer 9

High context cultures.
Plus, they value long - term relationships.

Question 10

Name issues about High context cultures.

Answer 10

HCC are more homogeneous - aka similarity is an important characteristic.
This makes it difficult for an outsider to enter because they don’t carry that context info.
For a foreigner, it will be tricky to quickly create close relationships.

Question 11

Define Enculturation.

Answer 11

The process of absorbing and
internalizing the rules of one’s culture.

Question 12

Name the term: ____ group membership on the basis of biology and physical characteristics. 3 or 4 exist today.

Answer 12

Race.

Question 13

What is the difference between Ethnic identity and Ethnic origins?

Answer 13

Ethnic identity:
Socially constructed group classifications (by self or others) reflecting membership in / a sense of belonging to & identification with that group;
(It’s not biologically based so not the same as racial identity)

Ethnic origins:
the ethnic group one was born into; not geographically based

Question 14

True or false
Nationality refers to one’s country of citizenship

Answer 14

True.

Question 15

What is tight social norms?

Answer 15

Citizens of that culture are expected to conform to the social norms, more restrictions, there is little tolerance for deviance.

Question 16

Loose social norms?

Answer 16

Highly permissive with weak social norms. A lot of diversity

Question 17

Define Polychronic time

Answer 17

• Are highly distractable, ok with interruptions.
  -Do many things at once
  -Are committed to people and relationships
  -Changes plans often & easily

Question 18

True or false. High context cultures are polychronic

Answer 18

True - tho it don’t really seem like it. Low context Western cultures tend to run on Monochronic time

Question 19

The term ________ independent self orientation, unique autonomous individual / separate from others. Emphasis on being direct and self - expressive.

Answer 19

Individualism

Question 20

What differentiates Individualism from Collectivism? Expression over belonging?

Answer 20

Collectivism is interdependent self orientation
- Connection to others is important
- Social contexts
- Roles & relationships
- Emphasis on belonging, fitting in
and being non-confrontational

Question 21

Name the term: ____Changes groups and individuals undergo when they
encounter another culture

Answer 21

Acculturation

Question 22

Name the 4 orientations of Berry’s Model (about how we connect with other cultures)

Answer 22

• Assimilation
• Separation
• Integration
• Marginalization

Question 23

What do these 4 Berry orientations mean?

Answer 23

~ Assimilation: Give up home culture, adopt new culture
Home identity - Low
“Host” Culture ID - positive / high

~Separation / rejection: Retain home culture with minimum participation in new culture
Home identity - high
“Host” Culture ID - negative / low

~Integration: retain home culture whilst participating in new culture
Home identity - High
“Host” Culture ID - High

~Marginalization: little
connection with either home or new culture
Home identity - Low
“Host” Culture ID - Low

Question 24

Name the term: A feeling of disorientation and anxiety that occurs as people from one culture encounter and adapt to the practices, rules and expectations of
another culture.

Answer 24

Culture shock

Question 25

What are the 4 phases of culture shock?

Answer 25

• THE HONEYMOON PHASE: The euphoric phase that can last several weeks or more.
  Everything is new and exciting, and travelers are infatuated with the language, people, etc.
• THE DISENCHANTMENT PHASE: This is the most difficult stage, when the traveler starts to miss friends & family back home, and is increasingly confused or challenged
  by the cultural differences.
• THE BEGINNING RESOLUTION PHASE: Routines are established, and the traveler becomes more familiar with the local way of life; challenges become easier to manage.
• THE EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING STAGE: Sometimes called the bicultural stage, the
  traveler now feels comfortable in the new country and better integrated

Question 26

What often comes as a surprise that upon returning home after a
period of studying abroad, international students often
experience _________?

Answer 26

Reverse culture shock / Repatriation distress

Question 27

What is so bad about reverse culture shock?

Answer 27

~New values or ideals that conflict with former ones embedded in
the home country

• Changes in the student that conflict with previous perceptions held by family/friends

~Termination of friendships made while abroad

Question 28

If NZ has multiple cultures existing within a country and the number of inhabitants representing those
cultures is significant. Then NZ is _?

Answer 28

Multicultural

Question 29

Is pluralism a good thing?

Answer 29

Yes it is. Pluralism is the general acceptance of existence of many
cultures and ethnic groups and their right to retain their
cultural heritage while co-existing.

Question 30

When you combine two cultures to form a new culture, what you did is called _____

Answer 30

Fusion. Like fusion food

Question 31

If you hate or are afraid of foreigners or anything foreign, you have _________

Answer 31

Xenophobia

Question 32

Define Ethnocentrism

Answer 32

Tendency to let one’s
own culture influence
the way they view
the rest of the world

Question 33

What are these?
Descriptor or identifier for light-skinned people with Western features
* Experience that involves receiving unearned privileges
due to racism
* As an ideology, social structure, or worldview based on
a system of exploitation and based on White supremacy

Answer 33

Dimensions of whiteness

Question 34

Fill in the blank: _________are distinct social and cultural groups that share collective ancestral ties to the lands and natural resources, where they live, occupy or from where they have been displaced.

Answer 34

Indigenous people

Question 35

Western centripetal thinking

Answer 35

Dissecting parts of knowledge
from the whole

Question 36

centrifugal thinking

Answer 36

search for knowledge starts at
centre and works outwards