11. CP Neurology Flashcards
What are the four areas of the esophagus that are considered constriction points, where food/objects may get stuck?
- Cricopharyngeus M (upper esophageal sphincter)
- At aortic arch
- Left bronchus
- Esophageal Hiatus of the Thoracic Diaphragm (lower esophageal sphincter)
Cranial Nerve X is the vagus nerve on the left and right side. What does each vagus N have and what do they turn into when they go caudal?
They both have recurrent laryngeal N, left goes under the ligamentum arteriosum and the right goes under the subclavian A. When they go caudally, the left vagus turns into the anterior vagal trunk and right vagus becoms posterior vagal trunk
What does the intercostal N come from?
Anterior ramus of the spinal nerve
Where is the phrenic nerve from and where does it travel inbetween?
from C3-C5, in between mediastinal parietal pleura and fibrous pericardium
What are the different branches of the intercostal N?
Lateral cutaneous branches, muscular branches, anterior cutaneous branches
What are unique of the atypical intercostal nerves of the 1st and 2nd throacic spinal nerve?
1st anterior ramus of thoracic spinal nerve joins with the brachial plexus and gives off 1st intercostal N
2nd ant. ramus of throacic spinal nerver meets with a brachial component and innervates axilla- intercostobrachial N
What are unique of the atypical intercostal N of the 7-11 nerves?
They begin as intercostal N and as they travel anteriorly, rib disappears and become thoracoabdominal N
How does the sympathetic nervous system work starting from the presynaptic (SHORT) cell body in the lateral horn of the spinal cord?
Presynaptic from lateral horn travels via anterior roots through spinal nerve to paravertebral ganglia via rami communicantes on the thoracic sympathetic trunk.
What are the 3 different options for sympathetic presynaptic fibers to synapse on?
- travel to paravertebral ganglia and synapse on same level
- synapse on postsynaptic neuron on different level
- Can enter paravertebral ganglia and leave and continue through splanchnic N to postsynaptic neuron in prevertebral ganglion
Describe great, lesser, and least splanchnic Ns
***Greater is from T5-9 and will go to abdomen
Lesser is T10/11 and goes to abdomen
Least is T12 and goes to abdomen
Thoracolumbar vs craniosacral?
Sympathetic vs. parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
What is an important parasympathetic element in the thorax?
The vagus N
What forms the pulmonary plexus? (sympathetic and parasympathetic contributions)
Symp: Pulmonary splanchnic nerves
Parasymp: pulmonary branches of vagus N
What forms the Superficial/deep cardiac plexuses?
Symp: cardiac splanchnic nerves
Parasymp:Superior, middle, inferior cardiac branches of the vagus N
What forms the aortic plexus?
Symp: Continuous with the superficial cardiac plexus
Parasym: Continuous with superficial cardiac plexus
