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075. Cardiopulmonary Exam 1 > 1. Formation of the Body Cavities > Flashcards

1. Formation of the Body Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three phases of organ development during weeks 3-8 of embryonic development?

A
  1. Growth
  2. Morphogenisis
  3. Differentiation
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2
Q

What occurs during the three phases of organ development?

A
  1. Grow, cells growing
  2. Morphogenisis: where tissue and organs get their size and shape, controlled by gene expression
  3. Differentiation: Cells turn on genes to become a certain organ of the body

*all phases are interconnected

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3
Q

Folding of the embryo occurs during week four (along with the organs forming) and has two planes. What are the two planes and when do they fold?

A

The medial plane and horizontal plane and they fold at the same time during the fourth week

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4
Q

Refesher question: What occurs during weeks 1-3 during embryonic development?

A

Week 1: First layer is made
Week 2: Bilameter disk is formed (two layers)
Week 3: Gastrulation occurs, trilameter disk

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5
Q

What plane does head and tail folding occur in?

A

Median plane

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6
Q

Oropharyngeal membrane is the location of the future, infront of the future mouth is the heart and what lays behind?

A

The septum transversum- becomes the diaphragm

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7
Q

Where is the location of the septum transversum during early 4th week and later 4th week?

A

Early 4th week septum is located anterior to the oropharyngeal membrane and developing heart
Late 4th week septum is posterior to the oropharyngeal membrane and developing heart

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8
Q

The head and tail fold inwards during median/longitudinal folding, leading to many things, including forced out endoderm. What does this end up making?

A

This folding at the head region makes the foregut, in the middle is the mid gut (horizontal) and at the tail end is the hindgut

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9
Q

What is extremely important to remember regarding embryonic coelom?

A

Intraembryonic coelom and extraembryonic coelom communicate with eachother! occuring in the head

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10
Q

The spinal cord overgrows the tail and pushes cloaca and connecting stock onto the ventral surface. What is the endoderm associated with in the tail region?

A

The hindgut

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11
Q

Summarize longitudinal/median folding during week 4 of embryonic development (2)

A
  1. Spinal cord grows causing both head and tail ends to fold inwards
  2. Folding inwards cause endoderm to be push out, forming the guts, as well as the septum transversum moving from anterior to posterior.
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12
Q

What does the allantois, connecting stock, cloacal membrane, and nueral tube form?

A

Allantois: becomes urachus (bladder), sets foundation for umbilical arteris and veins
Connecting: diverticulum from yoke sac, made from extraembryonic mesoderm, becomes the umbilical cord
Cloacal membrane: mades from endo and ectoderm, will become the anus
Nueral tube: becomes the brain

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13
Q

What are the three components of the mesoderm?

A

Paraxial mesoderm (somites)
Intermediate mesoderm
Lateral plate mesoderm (has splanchinic layer and somatic layer)

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14
Q

What is the main location of splanchnic mesoderm and somatic mesoderm once 4th week folding is complete?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm will be located around the umbilical vessel/midgut while the somatic mesoderm will be located around the body

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15
Q

What forms when the splanchnic mesoderm goes down and fuses from both sides?

A

Intraembryonic coelom

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16
Q

What is considered the splanchopluera?

A

The midgut (endoderm) and the splanchnic mesoderm lining it (lines dorsal mesentary)

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17
Q

What is considered to be the somatopleura?

A

Ectoderm and somatic mesoderm (lines body wall)

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18
Q

Once horizontal folding is complete, what occurs?

A

THE INTRAEMBRYONIC COELOM STOPS COMMINCATING WITH THE EXTRAEMBRYONIC COELOM and midgut forms :)

19
Q

What is ectopia cordis? What happens to the sternum and pericardium?

A

When your heart is trapped and formed outside of the body. Sternum is split/bifed and NO pericordium forms (DEATH)

20
Q

When folding is complete, there will be two different body cavities. What are they and what is in each one?

A
  1. Pericardial Cavity containing the heart
  2. Pericardioperitoneal cavity: separates pericardial cavity from the pleural cavities and the other seperates plueral cavities from the peritoneal cavity (2 canals)
21
Q

What does pericardioperitoneal mean and what happens when the two cavities are seperated?

A

Cavity on the heart and the abdomen form separate canals. Plueral cavities containing the heart, peritoneal containing the abdomen

22
Q

Any plueral on the posterior/interior body wall is coming from what layer of the lateral plate, giving rise to what?

A

Lateral plate somatic mesoderm- gives rise to parietal pluera (ANYTHING WITH PARIETAL)

23
Q

Anything on mesentaries/connection holding the gut tube is what layer of the lateral plate, giving rise to what?

A

Lateral plate splanchnic mesoderm- gives rise to visceral pluera (Anything with viscera from splanchnic)

24
Q

How would she tag this on the EXAM?

A

Q: what is the first layer the pin passes through is derived from what germline line?
A: Visceral Pluera

25
Q

You have two heart tubes that come down and around and merge/fuse into one, and what follows this?

A

Septum Transversum

26
Q

When the two heart tubes fuse together, there is empty space around the endocardium, what is it? What is the tissue/ pluera surrounding the endocardium?

A

The large empty space around the endocardium is called the pericardium coelom, while the tissue directly surround it is called the visceral pericardium (lateral plate splanchnic)

27
Q

Where does the parietal pericardium lay when the pericardial cavity forms?

A

It is around the large empty space, on the pericardium coelom

28
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphragm? Why?

A 
Phrenic Nerve (C3,C4,C5)
Why: When migrating cervical nerves grew, and then the diaphragm translocated downward and the nerves followed
29
Q

After the pericardial cavity forms, the pericardial, plueral canals, and the peritoneal cavity are all still together. How is the pericardial cavity separated from the plueroperitoneal canal and what is it derived from?

A

Pleuropericardial membrane/fold, derived from somatic layer of the lateral plate

30
Q

What is the function of the pleuropericardial membrane/fold?

A

To separate the space that becomes your heart (pericardial cavity) from the space that becomes your lungs (plueral cavity) (somatic layer)

31
Q

When the plueropericardial fold (membrane) finished folding/separated. What has formed? (3)

A

Plueral cavity for lungs
Pericardial cavity
Primitive Mediastinum

32
Q

What is another reason why the plueropericardial folds enlarge and form partitions that separate the pericardial cavity from the plueral cavities?

A

Due to growth of the bronchial buds into the pericardioperitoneal canals

33
Q

What does the pharynx form from?

A

Foregut endoderm

34
Q

What is around the heart and what is it derived from?

A

Visceral pluera from the splanchnic layer of the lateral plate

35
Q

The serous layer of the parietal pericardial sac is coming from what?

A

serous layer of parietal pluera from somatic later plate mesoderm

36
Q

The fibrous layer of the parietal pericardial sac is coming from what?

A

Fibrous layer is coming from the somatic layer that came from the lungs

37
Q

Septum transversum does not meet the posterior wall, in order to do this, you need?

A

Pleuroperitoneal membrane/fold (somatic layer lateral plate)

38
Q

How does the diaphragm form and what will be below the formation?

A

Septum transversum meets with the plueroperitoneal membranes to form the diaphragm, below this, the peritoneal cavity is formed

39
Q

What is important about the fusing of the septum transversum and the pleuroperitoneal membrane (somatic layer)?

A

There are spaces near the posterior wall that are important for disease

40
Q

What muscles help form the diaphragm?

A

tissue from the body wall is pulled into the diaphragm to help develop

41
Q

What forms from the septum trasnversum?

A

Central tendon

42
Q

What forms from the plueroperitoneal membranes?

A

Nothing! overgrown by future ‘things’

43
Q

Dorsal mesentery of the esophagus forms into?

A

Crura (come back to in GI)

44
Q

What froms from the body wall of the embryo?

A

Peripheral muscles of the diaphragm

075. Cardiopulmonary Exam 1 (23 decks)

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