1.1 Cells And Movement Across Cell Membranes Flashcards
Animals and plant cells are what?
Multicellular organisms- they consist of many cells that work together.
What do animal cells contain?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and cell membrane.
What do plant cells contain?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, cell membrane, chloroplast, cell wall and vacuole.
What does the cell membrane do?
Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell.
What does cytoplasm do?
Jelly-like substance, where chemical reactions happen.
What does the nucleus do?
Carries genetic information and controls what happens inside the cell.
What does the mitochondria do?
Where respiration takes place, releasing energy for the cell.
What does the vacuole do?
Contains a liquid called cell sap which keeps the cell firm.
What does the cell wall do?
Made of a tough substance called cellulose which supports the cell.
What does the chloroplast do?
Contains the green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs light energy. This is where photosynthesis occurs.
A light microscope uses what?
Focused light passed through an object and two lenses to magnify an image of an object.
Eyepiece usually magnifies by how much?
X10
Objective lenses on a microscope usually magnify how much?
x4, x10, x40
What does the stage of a microscope do?
Holds the glass slide with the object on it.
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
What is a concentration gradient?
The difference in the concentration of a chemical across a membrane.
What is passive transport?
The movement of molecules down a concentration gradient whiteout the need for additional energy.
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
What is a selectively permeable membrane?
It allows some substances to pass through them, but not others.
What is equilibrium?
Either side of the membrane is the same and there is an equal movement of water molecules in both directions.
What is active transport?
The movement of dissolved molecules into or out of a cell through the cell membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
How do the particles move in active transport?
They move against the concentration gradient.
