1.1 Carbon Chemistry-Making crude oil useful Flashcards
1.1 Carbon Chemistry-Making crude oil useful
Name the seven fractions which can be obtained from oil starting at the bottom of the fractional distillation column
Bitumen
fuel oil
heating oil
Diesel
paraffin
petrol
LPG
Name three fossil fuels.
Coal, Oil Gas
What is Crude Oil?
Crude Oil is a fossil fuel. It was formed from the remains of living things that lived in the sea millions of years ago. Chemical reactions happened that eventually turned them into crude oil.
What is a non-renewable resource?
A resource that is used up faster than it can form OR a resource which is in finite supply.
What is fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation is the process of separating different hydrocarbons from each other. This happens in a Factionating column. It works because different hydrocarbons have different boiling points.
What happens in a Fractionating column?
Hydrocarbons with the highest boiling points leave at the bottom of the column.
Hydrocarbons with the lowest boiling points reach the top without cooling enough to condense, leaving as gases. This is all possible because of the temperature gradient.
What are the substances leaving the fractional distillation column called?
they are called fractions. each fraction contains hydrocarbons with similar boiling points. Different fractions have different uses, depending on their properties.
What are the bonds called that join hydrocarbon atoms to each other?
Covalent bonds join hydrocarbon atoms together.
Which is stronger, Covalent bonds or the intermolecular forces between hydrogen molecules ?
Covalent bonds are stronger. In a fractional distillation column it is the intermolecular forces that are broken not the Covalent bonds. This causes the hydrogen molecules to separate from each other, forming a vapor.
As the size of the hydrocarbon increases, what else increases?
The stronger the intermolecular forces and the higher the hydrocarbon’s boiling point.
What must happen to the crude oil vapors before they leave the fractional distillation column column?
They must be cooled and condensed so they can leave the fractionating column as liquids.
What property of hydrocarbons lets fractional distillation of crude oil work?
The larger the hydrocarbon, the higher the boiling point.
Describe how fractional distillation works.
Crude oil is heated. Its vapors are piped into the bottom of the fractionating column, which has a temperature gradient. As the vapors rise they condense at a part that is cold enough. The liquid falls into a tray and is piped out of the column.
