11. Antonomasia, Zeugma, Pun Flashcards
(29-33)
What’s onomastics? What does it study? What does it distinguish?
The branch of semantics which studies terminology of proper names. It distinguishes aphoneme and aphroneme.
What’s aphoneme and aphroneme? What is it distinguished by?
It’s distinguished by onomastics.
Aphoneme - the name of a person.
Aphroneme - the name derived from the person’s nature or occupation: Smith, Hooligan.
What’s antonomasia?
Derived from Greek.
“anti” (instead of smth.) + “onomazein” (to name). Ex.: “the little corporal” for Napoleon.
What is antonomasia about when it comes to interaction of meanings?
It’s about the interaction of nominal and logical meanings.
What does antonomasia do?
It points out the most characteristic feature: “Nice shot, Michael!”, “Nice drive, Tiger”.
Recall antonomasia types.
Mythological: mercury, pander, volcano, hector, atlas;
Literary: Don Juan, Robin Hood;
Biblical: the Apostle;
Historical: Caesar;
Scientific: Einstain;
In what forms can antonomasia appear?
It can be metaphoric: “The Joconda smile” and metonymic (the name of a person stands instead of a thing): “He bought the ugly great thing with two early Matisse’s before the war”.
Antonomasia is a form of (1)___.
(1) metonymy
What’s Zeugma? Where does the word derive from?
It’s derived from Greek, meaning “to bond/unite”. It’s about 2 or more parts of a sentence joined with a single common verb or a noun.
Zeugma employs (1)___, and (2)___.
(1)ellipsis
(2)parallelism
What’s parallelism?
Balance of several words/phrases.
What’s zeugma according to I.Galperin?
It’s the interaction of free and phraseological meanings.
Where is zeugma particularly favoured?
In emotive prose/poetry.
Zeugma is a (1)___ that creates vivid images.
(1)trope
Define the types of zeugma.
Prozeugma. A verb in the beginning that governs clauses: “took his coat and leave”;
Mezozeugma. A verb in the middle which governs clauses;
Hypozeugma. A verb in the end, governing the clauses;
Diazeugma. A noun governing two or more verbs;
Hypozeuxis. Opposite of zeugma. Each subject has its own verb: “parent scowled”, “the girls cried”.
What’s a special type of zeugma? What does it do?
It’s Syllepsis - semantic zeugma. The governing word may change meaning with respect to the other words it modifies.
What’s pun? What is its another name?
Pun - play with words/sounds with 2 or more meanings for humorous/rhethoric effects. In other words, it’s caller paranomasia.
What’s the difference between Malapropism and Pun?
Malapropism is about “incorrect expression + (usually)correct/incorrect expression” while pun implies “correct expression + (usually) correct expression” (for humorous effect).
List all types of puns.
Homophonic, homographic (heteronymic), homonymic (polysemic).
What’s homophonic type of puns? Bring (an) example(s).
It’s about words sounding alike. For example: “Question: Why do we still have troops in Germany? Answer: To keep Russians in “Czech”” (“Czech” = “check”)
What’s homographic type of puns? What’s its another name? Bring (an) example(s)
In other words, heteronymic type of puns. It’s about graphic play. For example: “can’t tuna fish” (“tuna” and “tune a”).
What’s homonymic type of puns? What’s its another name? Bring (an) example(s).
It’s known as polysemic. It’s about play with meanings of one and the same word. Example: “Being in politics is just like playing golf: you are trapped in one bad lie after another” (“lie” - position and untruth).
List types of puns.
Compound, recursive, visual, + graphological (visual), morphological, + capitonymic.
What’s the compound type of puns?
2 or + puns.
What’s recursive pun?
Relies on understanding of an element in the first: “radius is only half a pie” (radius - 180 degree, that is, a half, and a pie - 360, that is, the whole).
What’s visual pun? Where is it often found?
Used in logos, emblems, graphic symbols in which 1 or + pun aspects are replaced by a picture.
According to (1)___, puns have two additional forms.
(1)J.Alexander
What’s the two additional forms of puns according to J. Alexander?
Graphological (visual) and morphological.
in character
Pun can often be (1)___ and (2)___.
(1)humorous
(2)unhumorous
What’s the difference between zeugma and pun?
Pun is structurally independent whereas zeugma has the dependent type of structure.
