11-Adaptive Immunity (ch. 34)

Question 1

Naturally acquired passive immunity?

Answer 1

Transfer of antibodies,e.g, mother to fetus across placenta, mother to infant in breast milk

Question 2

Artificially acquired active immunity (vaccination)?

Answer 2

intentional exposure to a foreign material

Question 3

Artificially acquired passive immunity?

Answer 3

Preformed antibodies or lymphocytes produced by one host are introduced in to another host.

Question 4

Antigens (Ag)?

Answer 4

A substance that causes the body to produce specific antibodies or sensitized T cells

Question 5

Hapten?

Answer 5

Antigen is combined with carrier molecules

Question 6

Class I MHC molecules are found where?

Answer 6

Almost all types of nucleated cells

Question 7

Class II MHC molecules are found where?

Answer 7

Only on antigen presenting cells (APCs)

Question 8

Endogenous antigen processing?

Answer 8

Class I binds to antigen peptides that originate in the cytoplasm and present antigen to CD8+T cells

Question 9

Exogenous antigen processing?

Answer 9

Class II binds to antigen fragments that come from outside the cell and present to CD+4T helper cells

Question 10

TH1 cells do what?

Answer 10

• promote cytotoxic T cell activity and activate macrophage
• mediate inflammation and delayed hypersensitivity by producing a specific set of cytokines (IL-2, IFN-gamma, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-beta)

Question 11

TH2 cells do what?

Answer 11

• stimulate antibody responses and defend against helminth parasites
• involved in promoting allergic reactions
• produce a specific set of cytokines (IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13)

Question 12

B cells?

Answer 12

Cells that replicate and differentiate into plasma cells which secrete antibodies.

Question 13

Naturally acquired active immunity?

Answer 13

Type of specific immunity a host develops after exposure to a foreign substance

Question 14

Name some antigen presenting cells (3).

Answer 14

• B-cells
• dendritic cells
• activated macrophages

Question 15

Valence (antigens)?

Answer 15

• the number of epitopes on the surface of an antigen

- determines the number of antibody molecules that can combine with the antigen at one time

Question 16

Antibody affinity?

Answer 16

Strength with which antibody binds to its antigen at a given antigen-binding site

Question 17

Antibody avidity?

Answer 17

Relates to the overall ability of an antibody to bind to an antigen at all antigen-binding sites

Question 18

B cells and T cells initially arise where?

Answer 18

The bone marrow

Question 19

Humoral immunity?

Answer 19

• also called antibody-mediated immunity

- based on antibody activity

Question 20

Cellular immunity?

Answer 20

• Also called cell-mediated immunity

- based on action of specific kinds of T lymphocytes

Question 21

These small organic molecules are not antigenic, but may become antigenic when bound to larger carrier molecules?

Answer 21

haptens

Question 22

Natural killer (NK) cells?

Answer 22

• granular leukocytes that destroy cells that don’t express MHC I
• kill virus-infected and tumor cells
• attack parasites