11-Adaptive Immunity (ch. 34) Flashcards
Naturally acquired passive immunity?
Transfer of antibodies,e.g, mother to fetus across placenta, mother to infant in breast milk
Artificially acquired active immunity (vaccination)?
intentional exposure to a foreign material
Artificially acquired passive immunity?
Preformed antibodies or lymphocytes produced by one host are introduced in to another host.
Antigens (Ag)?
A substance that causes the body to produce specific antibodies or sensitized T cells
Hapten?
Antigen is combined with carrier molecules
Class I MHC molecules are found where?
Almost all types of nucleated cells
Class II MHC molecules are found where?
Only on antigen presenting cells (APCs)
Endogenous antigen processing?
Class I binds to antigen peptides that originate in the cytoplasm and present antigen to CD8+T cells
Exogenous antigen processing?
Class II binds to antigen fragments that come from outside the cell and present to CD+4T helper cells
TH1 cells do what?
- promote cytotoxic T cell activity and activate macrophage
- mediate inflammation and delayed hypersensitivity by producing a specific set of cytokines (IL-2, IFN-gamma, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-beta)
TH2 cells do what?
- stimulate antibody responses and defend against helminth parasites
- involved in promoting allergic reactions
- produce a specific set of cytokines (IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13)
B cells?
Cells that replicate and differentiate into plasma cells which secrete antibodies.
Naturally acquired active immunity?
Type of specific immunity a host develops after exposure to a foreign substance
Name some antigen presenting cells (3).
- B-cells
- dendritic cells
- activated macrophages
Valence (antigens)?
- the number of epitopes on the surface of an antigen
- determines the number of antibody molecules that can combine with the antigen at one time
Antibody affinity?
Strength with which antibody binds to its antigen at a given antigen-binding site
Antibody avidity?
Relates to the overall ability of an antibody to bind to an antigen at all antigen-binding sites
B cells and T cells initially arise where?
The bone marrow
Humoral immunity?
- also called antibody-mediated immunity
- based on antibody activity
Cellular immunity?
- Also called cell-mediated immunity
- based on action of specific kinds of T lymphocytes
These small organic molecules are not antigenic, but may become antigenic when bound to larger carrier molecules?
haptens
Natural killer (NK) cells?
- granular leukocytes that destroy cells that don’t express MHC I
- kill virus-infected and tumor cells
- attack parasites
