11/16/15: Chs 20 and 15 and Beyond! Flashcards
Drug Therapy with Exogenous corticosteroids: Used to treat disorders of ???
adrenal cortex or endocrine system
What do you do as a nurse if a patient has Emphysema?
increase tidal lung capacity
What is pulmonary hypertension?
Abnormal elevation of pressure in pulmonary circulation, most is secondary.
Who is at risk for pulmonary hypertension?
COPD patients are at risk for this.
What do you do with post-op patients (with pulmonary problems)?
get them breathing and moving
What are you expecting (diagnosis) as a nurse if patient has pain when breathing just on one side?
Plueritis
Where do you get passive immunity from?
from mothers
What is a Type II Hypersensitivity Disorder?
Antibody-mediated disorders: compliment and antibody mediate cell destruction, complement and antibody mediated inflammation, antibody mediated cellular dysfunction
Complement and antibody mediated cell destruction- example hemolytic disease in newborns due to ABO or Rh incompatibility (blood transfusion reaction) pg 349
Pg 351 scenario- type 4
What are dendrite cells?
Found in the skin, have finger like processes and capture and transport foreign antigens to B and T lymphocytes, antigen- presenting cells that initiate adaptive immune responses,
Release communication molecules, intermediary between innate and adaptive immunity. Initiate immune response!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
What is a major cause of pulmonary embolism?
Major cause DVT (from venous stasis)
What is the “key” for pulmonary embolism?
Prevention is key- prevention DVT, prophylactic measures include early ambulation post-operative/postpartum, compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression boots,
What causes a pulmonary embolism (PE)?
Caused by thrombus, air, fat, amniotic fluid.
What are the clinical manifestations of PE?
may be clinically silent, shortness of breath, pleuritic pain, apprehension, slight fever, cough, tachycardia, weakness/rapid pulse, low BP.
What is cystic fibrosis? What does CF affect?
lacking digestive enzyme, disorder involving fluid secretions (salt depletions), affects epithelial lining of respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts. Excessive loss of sodium in sweat.
What is Bronchiectasis?
permanent dilation of bronchi caused by destruction of bronchial muscle wall and elastic supporting tissue
What are the two different types of obstructive airway disorders? How are they different from each other?
- Emphysema (loss of lung elasticity, hyperinflation of lungs).
- Chronic bronchitis (increased mucus production, obstructed small airways).
What is bronchial asthma?
chronic inflammatory disease caused by airflow obstruction and bronchial hyper-responsiveness.
What are signs of bronchial asthma?
Signs are episodic wheezing, difficulty breathing, chest tightness
What is pneumothorax?
Presence of air in pleural space
Partial or complete collapse of affected lung
What are the 3 types of pneumothroaxes? How is each one defined?
Spontaneous- rupture of air filled blister or bleb on surface of the lung
Traumatic- caused by penetrating or non-penetrating chest injuries, most commonly fractured or dislocated ribs
Tension- intrapleural pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure, occurs when injury to chest allows air to enter but not leave
What is the prototype corticosteroid?
Prednizone
Do exogenous corticosteroids control or cure?
Used to control symptoms but not cure underlying disease processes
What is likely to occur when using exogenous corticosteroids?
initial weight gain is likely to occur. Later weight gains may be caused from fluid retention
? decreased inflammation and alters the immune response produced by non-endocrine disorders ?
What is a side effect of Rifampin?
causes orange color of body fluids and permanent staining of soft contact lenses
What is the Mantoux Skin Test?
intradermal injection of 5 TB units- used for people at high risk for getting TB because they have been in contact with someone who has had TB, or for people who have high risk to progression from latent to active TB because of medical conditions
How to interpret results: positive in HIV infected pts, recent contact with TB, people with changes in chest radiograph, people with organ transplants or are immunosuppressed
Induration: 10 mm- 15 mm consider positive. (15mm induration consider everyone as positive)
INH- for active TB, very hard on the liver so keep an eye on hepatic function (jaundice) 354-356 adverse effects
