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10th Grade Global History > 10th Grade Midterm Review > Flashcards

10th Grade Midterm Review Flashcards

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1
Q

An astronomer who believed The universe was heliocentric, or sun-centered and the Earth revolved around the sun.

A

Nicholaus Coperincus

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2
Q

A scientist who built a telescope to prove Copernicus’ theory.

A

Galileo

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3
Q

Scientist who discovered the law of gravity explaining the movement of the planets and how objects fall on the earth.

A

Sir Issac Newton

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4
Q

People began to use the scientific method and reason to question the world around them.

A

Scientific Revolution

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5
Q

When kings and queens had complete control over government and the lives of their subjects.

A

Absolute Monarch

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6
Q

The belief that a king’s authority (power) came directly from God

A

Divine Right Theory

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7
Q

limited the power of the British gov’t,
introduced fundamental rights (trial by jury, due process of law)

A

Magna Carta

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8
Q

Limited the power of the British Monarch (no standing army, free elections, right of petition, parliamentary checks on power)

A

English Bill of Rights

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9
Q

natural rights, established concept of rule of law

A

English Petition of Rights

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10
Q

1700s movement where people questioned traditional ideas and supported belief in logic and reason

A

Enlightenment

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11
Q

Separation of powers, 3 branches of government

A

Baron de Montesquieu

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12
Q

Freedom of speech

A

Voltaire

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13
Q

Social Contract

A

Jean Jacque Rousseau

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14
Q

Absolute Monarchy, Social Inequality, Enlightenment and American Revolution

A

4 Main Causes of the French Revolution

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15
Q

Paris prison/fortress that represented the authority and abuses of the king. Marks the start of the French Revolution.
French people revolted and took it over by force

A

Storming of the Bastille
July 14, 1789

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16
Q

Radical stage of French Revolution, In 1792 when Maximillien Robespierre took over. Many die as result.

A

Reign of Terror

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17
Q

In 1799, He overthrows the French gov’t and becomes Emperor of France .

A

Napolean Bonaparte

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18
Q

A forceful overthrow of the government

A

Coup d’etat

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19
Q

Fixed French economy, created public school system
Napoleonic code : legal system, uniform laws & everyone is equal.

A

Napoleon’s Accomplishments

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20
Q

Napoleon’s army was mostly destroyed by Russia (Russia used a scortched-earth policy and they had brutally cold winters)
Napoleon was defeated by an Alliance of European nations in 1814 and exiled. He returned to power in 1815 but was defeated again at the decisive battle of Waterloo. He lived the rest of his life in exile.

A

Napoleon’s Defeat

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21
Q

French Revolution provides an example to other nations, specifically Latin America
“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” and French democratic ideas spread throughout Europe
The middle class gained power in France

A

Major Effects of the French Revolution

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22
Q

Designed to bring stability and order to Europe by repressing the feelings of Nationalism and preventing liberal political change unleashed by Napoleon.

A

Congress of Vienna

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23
Q

The ability to prevent one nation from becoming too powerful.

A

Balance of Power

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24
Q

He led resistance movements against the Spanish, winning, independence for Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru & Bolivia

A

Simon “The Liberator” Bolivar

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25
Q

He led resistance movements against the Spanish, winning, independence for Argentina & Chile

A

Jose de San Martin

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26
Q

He led resistance movements against the French, winning, independence for Haiti becoming the only successful slave revolt in the western hemisphere

A

Toussaint L’Overture

27
Q

Educated social class that led Latin American Independence movements and resented the ruling elite.

A

Creoles

28
Q

Civil War & Political Instability, Rise of Dictatorships

A

Conditions in Latin American After Independence Movements End

29
Q

Strong feelings in one’s country. Usually people share the same language and customs.

A

Nationalism

30
Q

German unification leader who used a strategy called “Blood and Iron”

A

Otto Von Bismark

31
Q

A strategy which involved using skillful diplomacy and Prussian military power to achieve German unification.

A

Blood and Iron

32
Q

The change from human and animal power to steam power

A

Industrial Revolution

33
Q

-The Agrarian Revolution- Increased farming production
-New Technology - seed drill and improved fertilizer
This led to a population explosion due to surplus food
-The Steam Engine - power source of the Industrial Revolution

A

Causes of Industrial Revolution

34
Q

-Machines were used in building called factories
-Mass Production of goods
-Laissez-faire capitalism
-Development of the middle class
-Urbanization
-New technology - Railroads, canals, steam engine

A

Effects of Industrialization

35
Q

More people moved to the cities to work in factories

A

Urbanization

36
Q

Hands off approach where its the belief that if government does not get involved in business (the unregulated market), business will be successful and profit

A

Laissez-faire capitalism

37
Q

Long hours, Unsafe Conditions, Little Pay, No Safety Measures in Factories

A

Working Conditions during the Industrial Revolution

38
Q

“The father” of communism who wrote the Communist Manifesto.

A

Karl Marx

39
Q

-Belief in government ownership of property.
-The theory is that everyone works for the whole of society, and that it will benefit everyone.

A

Communism

40
Q

“The father”of capitalism who wrote the Wealth of Nations.

A

Adam Smith

41
Q

-Belief in individual ownership and competition.
-The theory is that when everyone is selfish, it benefits everyone.

A

Capitalism

42
Q

The workers aka the “have nots”

A

Proletariat

43
Q

The middle class and upper elite aka “the haves”

A

Bourgeoisie

44
Q

Refers to the political and
economic control of one area or country
by another

A

Imperialism

45
Q

Economic Motives (Mercantilism),Nationalism, Balance of Power, White Man’s Burden

A

Causes of Imperialism

46
Q

The European’s sense of superiority made them feel obligated to “civilize the savages” they conquered. For example providing new technology, infrastructure (roads, bridges, canals) education, building hospitals, distributing medicine, etc.

A

White Man’s Burden

47
Q

The belief that some societies were more
successful because their cultures were
superior. Survival of the fittest, Strong countries will thrive, weak countries will be taken over bc that’s what nature intended.

A

Social Darwinism

48
Q

Economic system where colonies are established to make money for the Mother country.

A

Mercantilism

49
Q

European countries met to “carve up”/divide parts of Africa

A

Berlin Conference

50
Q

South African tribe fought against imperialists

A

Zulus

51
Q

White settlers in South Africa

A

Boers

52
Q

Sepoys had to bite off bullet cartridges which they thought were greased with pork or beef fat. Muslim and Hindu soldiers believed they were being forced to violate their religion. Angry sepoys rose up against British officers. The rebellion
spread to cities across India.
Effects on British Rule- The British government abolished the East India Company and took over formal rule of India.

A

Sepoy Rebellion

53
Q

British trade with China centered around opium. The British imported opium from India to China in exchange for silk. As Chinese become addicted, China demanded that opium sales stop, but the British did not comply, leading to this war… won by Britain due to their advanced weapons.

A

Opium War

54
Q

1900 movement by Chinese nationals (nicknamed Boxers for their experiences in mixed martial arts) to throw out the foreigners. It was a failure. Westerners send in 20,000 soldiers to put down the rebellion.

A

Boxer Rebellion

55
Q

Japan entered a period of rapid industrialization and modernization

A

Meiji Restoration

56
Q

1904 - Japan defeats Russia in this war….Japan had few natural resources and needed to expand & gain new markets. Japan became a world power

A

Russo-Japanese War

57
Q

France, GB, Russia, Serbia (Later U.S.) side during WWI

A

Triple Entente

58
Q

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria’s side during WWI

A

Central Powers

59
Q

Machine Guns, Howitzers, Chemical Warfare: Mustard and Chlorine Gas, Trench Warfare

A

Technology Used During WWI

60
Q

No decisive winner in battle (tie)

A

Stalemates

61
Q

-Ended WWI
-Punished Germany
-Made Germany accept full responsibility for starting the war , -They had to pay 33 billion dollars in reparations to the victors, -They had to cede their colonies and demilitarize

A

Treaty of Versailles

62
Q

March 1917, military defeats, shortages of fuel, food and housing in Russia sparked this historic event…….Czar Nicolas II was forced to abdicate, or give up his rule when the Russian troops refused to obey his orders.

A

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

63
Q

He led the Bolshevik soldiers, sailors, and factory workers in an uprising that overthrew the Russian government.
He gained the support of the people by promising “Peace, Land, and Bread.”

A

Vladimir Lenin

64
Q

AKA the communists, they promised to end Russia’s involvement in WWI, give land to the peasants and put an end to food shortages.

A

Bolsheviks

10th Grade Global History (11 decks)

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