10th Grade Midterm Review

Question 1

An astronomer who believed The universe was heliocentric, or sun-centered and the Earth revolved around the sun.

Answer 1

Nicholaus Coperincus

Question 2

A scientist who built a telescope to prove Copernicus’ theory.

Answer 2

Galileo

Question 3

Scientist who discovered the law of gravity explaining the movement of the planets and how objects fall on the earth.

Answer 3

Sir Issac Newton

Question 4

People began to use the scientific method and reason to question the world around them.

Answer 4

Scientific Revolution

Question 5

When kings and queens had complete control over government and the lives of their subjects.

Answer 5

Absolute Monarch

Question 6

The belief that a king’s authority (power) came directly from God

Answer 6

Divine Right Theory

Question 7

limited the power of the British gov’t,
introduced fundamental rights (trial by jury, due process of law)

Answer 7

Magna Carta

Question 8

Limited the power of the British Monarch (no standing army, free elections, right of petition, parliamentary checks on power)

Answer 8

English Bill of Rights

Question 9

natural rights, established concept of rule of law

Answer 9

English Petition of Rights

Question 10

1700s movement where people questioned traditional ideas and supported belief in logic and reason

Answer 10

Enlightenment

Question 11

Separation of powers, 3 branches of government

Answer 11

Baron de Montesquieu

Question 12

Freedom of speech

Answer 12

Voltaire

Question 13

Social Contract

Answer 13

Jean Jacque Rousseau

Question 14

Absolute Monarchy, Social Inequality, Enlightenment and American Revolution

Answer 14

4 Main Causes of the French Revolution

Question 15

Paris prison/fortress that represented the authority and abuses of the king. Marks the start of the French Revolution.
French people revolted and took it over by force

Answer 15

Storming of the Bastille
July 14, 1789

Question 16

Radical stage of French Revolution, In 1792 when Maximillien Robespierre took over. Many die as result.

Answer 16

Reign of Terror

Question 17

In 1799, He overthrows the French gov’t and becomes Emperor of France .

Answer 17

Napolean Bonaparte

Question 18

A forceful overthrow of the government

Answer 18

Coup d’etat

Question 19

Fixed French economy, created public school system
Napoleonic code : legal system, uniform laws & everyone is equal.

Answer 19

Napoleon’s Accomplishments

Question 20

Napoleon’s army was mostly destroyed by Russia (Russia used a scortched-earth policy and they had brutally cold winters)
Napoleon was defeated by an Alliance of European nations in 1814 and exiled. He returned to power in 1815 but was defeated again at the decisive battle of Waterloo. He lived the rest of his life in exile.

Answer 20

Napoleon’s Defeat

Question 21

French Revolution provides an example to other nations, specifically Latin America
“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” and French democratic ideas spread throughout Europe
The middle class gained power in France

Answer 21

Major Effects of the French Revolution

Question 22

Designed to bring stability and order to Europe by repressing the feelings of Nationalism and preventing liberal political change unleashed by Napoleon.

Answer 22

Congress of Vienna

Question 23

The ability to prevent one nation from becoming too powerful.

Answer 23

Balance of Power

Question 24

He led resistance movements against the Spanish, winning, independence for Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru & Bolivia

Answer 24

Simon “The Liberator” Bolivar

Question 25

He led resistance movements against the Spanish, winning, independence for Argentina & Chile

Answer 25

Jose de San Martin

Question 26

He led resistance movements against the French, winning, independence for Haiti becoming the only successful slave revolt in the western hemisphere

Answer 26

Toussaint L'Overture

Question 27

Educated social class that led Latin American Independence movements and resented the ruling elite.

Answer 27

Creoles

Question 28

Civil War & Political Instability, Rise of Dictatorships

Answer 28

Conditions in Latin American After Independence Movements End

Question 29

Strong feelings in one's country. Usually people share the same language and customs.

Answer 29

Nationalism

Question 30

German unification leader who used a strategy called "Blood and Iron"

Answer 30

Otto Von Bismark

Question 31

A strategy which involved using skillful diplomacy and Prussian military power to achieve German unification.

Answer 31

Blood and Iron

Question 32

The change from human and animal power to steam power

Answer 32

Industrial Revolution

Question 33

-The Agrarian Revolution- Increased farming production -New Technology - seed drill and improved fertilizer This led to a population explosion due to surplus food -The Steam Engine - power source of the Industrial Revolution

Answer 33

Causes of Industrial Revolution

Question 34

-Machines were used in building called factories -Mass Production of goods -Laissez-faire capitalism -Development of the middle class -Urbanization -New technology - Railroads, canals, steam engine

Answer 34

Effects of Industrialization

Question 35

More people moved to the cities to work in factories

Answer 35

Urbanization

Question 36

Hands off approach where its the belief that if government does not get involved in business (the unregulated market), business will be successful and profit

Answer 36

Laissez-faire capitalism

Question 37

Long hours, Unsafe Conditions, Little Pay, No Safety Measures in Factories

Answer 37

Working Conditions during the Industrial Revolution

Question 38

"The father" of communism who wrote the Communist Manifesto.

Answer 38

Karl Marx

Question 39

-Belief in government ownership of property. -The theory is that everyone works for the whole of society, and that it will benefit everyone.

Answer 39

Communism

Question 40

"The father"of capitalism who wrote the Wealth of Nations.

Answer 40

Adam Smith

Question 41

-Belief in individual ownership and competition. -The theory is that when everyone is selfish, it benefits everyone.

Answer 41

Capitalism

Question 42

The workers aka the "have nots"

Answer 42

Proletariat

Question 43

The middle class and upper elite aka "the haves"

Answer 43

Bourgeoisie

Question 44

Refers to the political and economic control of one area or country by another

Answer 44

Imperialism

Question 45

Economic Motives (Mercantilism),Nationalism, Balance of Power, White Man's Burden

Answer 45

Causes of Imperialism

Question 46

The European's sense of superiority made them feel obligated to "civilize the savages" they conquered. For example providing new technology, infrastructure (roads, bridges, canals) education, building hospitals, distributing medicine, etc.

Answer 46

White Man's Burden

Question 47

The belief that some societies were more successful because their cultures were superior. Survival of the fittest, Strong countries will thrive, weak countries will be taken over bc that's what nature intended.

Answer 47

Social Darwinism

Question 48

Economic system where colonies are established to make money for the Mother country.

Answer 48

Mercantilism

Question 49

European countries met to "carve up"/divide parts of Africa

Answer 49

Berlin Conference

Question 50

South African tribe fought against imperialists

Answer 50

Zulus

Question 51

White settlers in South Africa

Answer 51

Boers

Question 52

Sepoys had to bite off bullet cartridges which they thought were greased with pork or beef fat. Muslim and Hindu soldiers believed they were being forced to violate their religion. Angry sepoys rose up against British officers. The rebellion spread to cities across India. Effects on British Rule- The British government abolished the East India Company and took over formal rule of India.

Answer 52

Sepoy Rebellion

Question 53

British trade with China centered around opium. The British imported opium from India to China in exchange for silk. As Chinese become addicted, China demanded that opium sales stop, but the British did not comply, leading to this war... won by Britain due to their advanced weapons.

Answer 53

Opium War

Question 54

1900 movement by Chinese nationals (nicknamed Boxers for their experiences in mixed martial arts) to throw out the foreigners. It was a failure. Westerners send in 20,000 soldiers to put down the rebellion.

Answer 54

Boxer Rebellion

Question 55

Japan entered a period of rapid industrialization and modernization

Answer 55

Meiji Restoration

Question 56

1904 - Japan defeats Russia in this war....Japan had few natural resources and needed to expand & gain new markets. Japan became a world power

Answer 56

Russo-Japanese War

Question 57

France, GB, Russia, Serbia (Later U.S.) side during WWI

Answer 57

Triple Entente

Question 58

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria's side during WWI

Answer 58

Central Powers

Question 59

Machine Guns, Howitzers, Chemical Warfare: Mustard and Chlorine Gas, Trench Warfare

Answer 59

Technology Used During WWI

Question 60

No decisive winner in battle (tie)

Answer 60

Stalemates

Question 61

-Ended WWI -Punished Germany -Made Germany accept full responsibility for starting the war , -They had to pay 33 billion dollars in reparations to the victors, -They had to cede their colonies and demilitarize

Answer 61

Treaty of Versailles

Question 62

March 1917, military defeats, shortages of fuel, food and housing in Russia sparked this historic event.......Czar Nicolas II was forced to abdicate, or give up his rule when the Russian troops refused to obey his orders.

Answer 62

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

Question 63

He led the Bolshevik soldiers, sailors, and factory workers in an uprising that overthrew the Russian government. He gained the support of the people by promising "Peace, Land, and Bread."

Answer 63

Vladimir Lenin

Question 64

AKA the communists, they promised to end Russia's involvement in WWI, give land to the peasants and put an end to food shortages.

Answer 64

Bolsheviks