10C The influence of relations with Scotland and France

Question 1

What made Anglo-French relations difficult for the usurper

Answer 1

Richard’s pro-French stance

Question 2

What was important to secure Bolingbroke’s throne?

Answer 2

establishing international

recognition of his right to rule.

Question 3

Who made things as difficult as possible for Henry?

Answer 3

the duke of Orléans

Question 4

What happened after Richard’s death that angered the French?

Answer 4

the young dowager queen should have been returned to the French court with all her valuable dowry,
but the negotiations for this were hostile and in 1401 she was returned without any of the wealth she
had brought with her on her marriage.

Question 5

Hostilities between the two nations were also increased by

Answer 5

the status of the Duchy of Aquitaine.

Question 6

What happened with Aquitaine 1337?

Answer 6

Edward Ill renewed the English monarchy’s claim to this area of France and refused to undertake an act of homage to the French king, thus beginning the Hundred Years War.

Question 7

What happened as a result of Edward III’s actions?

Answer 7

the territorial claims of England and France in this area were hotly disputed

Question 8

Vassal meaning

Answer 8

a holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance.

Question 9

What happened to Aquitaine to begin with

Answer 9

English had to surrender so it was agreed it would be a vassal of the French crown.

Question 10

What was the friction over Aquitaine increased by?

Answer 10

in 1401 Charles VI granted Aquitaine to his heir, the Dauphin Louis.

Question 11

What did the granting of Aquitaine result in

Answer 11

This triggered a serious outbreak of piracy on both sides in the Channel, which neither king sought to
curb, while the English sent a fleet to Aquitaine in 1402, although this was intercepted by the French.

Question 12

Why was Aquitaine damaging to Henry?

Answer 12

Financial burden- The cost of defence of the region was significant

Question 13

Negative impact that the widespread piracy had on trade example

Answer 13

In 1405, for example, the Hanseatic League placed significant trade restrictions on the English doing business in the Baltic on the grounds of English involvement in piracy.

Question 14

Who were the French allied with and why did this present an even bigger threat to Henry IV?

Answer 14

The French at this time were supported by their traditional allies against England, the Scots, which
made the threat from the northern border all the greater for the new Lancastrian regime.

Question 15

Why did the Channel become increasingly dangerous?

Answer 15

piracy

Question 16

What happened 1403 in Aquitaine?

Answer 16

French troops invaded

Aquitaine, forcing the English army there into retreat.

Question 17

How did Henry show wisdom after 1403 event?

Answer 17

Henry IV displayed his wisdom in dealing with the nobility of the area, successfully mollifying them to the extent that the central area of
Gascony remained loyal to the English crown.

Question 18

What showed it was a period of great tension?

Answer 18

two French naval attacks on the English south coast in 1404.

Question 19

What were Parliament critical of?

Answer 19

Parliament heavily criticised the inadequate defences, which were linked to the mismanagement of royal finance as a result of the extravagance
of the king’s household.

Question 20

Due to his weak position domestically and abroad, Henry sought peace with Scotland. Did this work?

Answer 20

No- The King of Scots, Robert Ill, refused to recognise the legality of the usurpation and made a number of raids on the northern counties of England.

Question 21

What did Henry do as a result of Robert II’s dismissal?

Answer 21

On 10 November 1399, therefore, Henry informed parliament that he would wage war against Scotland, and in early 1400 wrote to Robert Ill
and other lords demanding that they performed an act of homage to him as their ‘good lord.’

Question 22

What happened when the Scots did not comply with Henry’s demands?

Answer 22

in August Henry

invaded with an army of more than 15,000

Question 23

Why was Henry’s reaction to Scotland risky?

Answer 23

he was obliged to borrow money in order to support them, which was risky given his fragile political and financial situation at the time.

Question 24

Who was Henry assisted by militarily against Scotland?

Answer 24

he was assisted by the defection of George, earl of Dunbar

Question 25

What happened when the English went against the Scots?

Answer 25

the English met with very little resistance and reached Leith, where there were various diplomatic exchanges with Robert Ill’s envoys, but no decisions were reached and by the end of the month the English army returned home having gained little

Question 26

why Henry did not seek more decisive action in Scotland

Answer 26

likely that he was concerned about the safety of the English
throne and did not wish to be away for too long a period at this
early stage in his reign

Question 27

What was the more decisive action against Scotland in 1402

Answer 27

the earl of Northumberland, George of Dunbar and Henry Hotspur defeated a Scottish raiding force at Homildon Hill taking various important captives, including four Scottish earls.

Question 28

Did Scotland and England reconcile under Henry?

Answer 28

No- Poor relations with Scoland continued for the rest of the reign,
with various attempts at diplomacy, chequered with border
raids and bursts of fighting.