10C The influence of relations with Scotland and France Flashcards
What made Anglo-French relations difficult for the usurper
Richard’s pro-French stance
What was important to secure Bolingbroke’s throne?
establishing international
recognition of his right to rule.
Who made things as difficult as possible for Henry?
the duke of Orléans
What happened after Richard’s death that angered the French?
the young dowager queen should have been returned to the French court with all her valuable dowry,
but the negotiations for this were hostile and in 1401 she was returned without any of the wealth she
had brought with her on her marriage.
Hostilities between the two nations were also increased by
the status of the Duchy of Aquitaine.
What happened with Aquitaine 1337?
Edward Ill renewed the English monarchy’s claim to this area of France and refused to undertake an act of homage to the French king, thus beginning the Hundred Years War.
What happened as a result of Edward III’s actions?
the territorial claims of England and France in this area were hotly disputed
Vassal meaning
a holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance.
What happened to Aquitaine to begin with
English had to surrender so it was agreed it would be a vassal of the French crown.
What was the friction over Aquitaine increased by?
in 1401 Charles VI granted Aquitaine to his heir, the Dauphin Louis.
What did the granting of Aquitaine result in
This triggered a serious outbreak of piracy on both sides in the Channel, which neither king sought to
curb, while the English sent a fleet to Aquitaine in 1402, although this was intercepted by the French.
Why was Aquitaine damaging to Henry?
Financial burden- The cost of defence of the region was significant
Negative impact that the widespread piracy had on trade example
In 1405, for example, the Hanseatic League placed significant trade restrictions on the English doing business in the Baltic on the grounds of English involvement in piracy.
Who were the French allied with and why did this present an even bigger threat to Henry IV?
The French at this time were supported by their traditional allies against England, the Scots, which
made the threat from the northern border all the greater for the new Lancastrian regime.
Why did the Channel become increasingly dangerous?
piracy
What happened 1403 in Aquitaine?
French troops invaded
Aquitaine, forcing the English army there into retreat.
How did Henry show wisdom after 1403 event?
Henry IV displayed his wisdom in dealing with the nobility of the area, successfully mollifying them to the extent that the central area of
Gascony remained loyal to the English crown.
What showed it was a period of great tension?
two French naval attacks on the English south coast in 1404.
What were Parliament critical of?
Parliament heavily criticised the inadequate defences, which were linked to the mismanagement of royal finance as a result of the extravagance
of the king’s household.
Due to his weak position domestically and abroad, Henry sought peace with Scotland. Did this work?
No- The King of Scots, Robert Ill, refused to recognise the legality of the usurpation and made a number of raids on the northern counties of England.
What did Henry do as a result of Robert II’s dismissal?
On 10 November 1399, therefore, Henry informed parliament that he would wage war against Scotland, and in early 1400 wrote to Robert Ill
and other lords demanding that they performed an act of homage to him as their ‘good lord.’
What happened when the Scots did not comply with Henry’s demands?
in August Henry
invaded with an army of more than 15,000
Why was Henry’s reaction to Scotland risky?
he was obliged to borrow money in order to support them, which was risky given his fragile political and financial situation at the time.
Who was Henry assisted by militarily against Scotland?
he was assisted by the defection of George, earl of Dunbar
What happened when the English went against the Scots?
the English met with very little resistance and reached Leith, where there were various diplomatic exchanges with Robert Ill’s envoys, but no decisions were reached and by the end of the month the English army returned home having gained little
why Henry did not seek more decisive action in Scotland
likely that he was concerned about the safety of the English
throne and did not wish to be away for too long a period at this
early stage in his reign
What was the more decisive action against Scotland in 1402
the earl of Northumberland, George of Dunbar and Henry Hotspur defeated a Scottish raiding force at Homildon Hill taking various important captives, including four Scottish earls.
Did Scotland and England reconcile under Henry?
No- Poor relations with Scoland continued for the rest of the reign,
with various attempts at diplomacy, chequered with border
raids and bursts of fighting.
