10.7 Adaptions Flashcards

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1
Q

Adaptations

A

characteristics that increase an organim’s chance of survival and reproduction in its environment

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2
Q

3 groups of adaptions

A

anatomical adaptations: physical features (internal & external)

behavioural adaptations: way an organism acts (can be inherited/ learnt from parents)

physiological adaptations: processes that take place inside an organism

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3
Q

Anatomical adaptation examples

A
  1. Body covering: hair, scales, spines, feathers
  2. Camouflage: outer colour of an animal allows it to blend into its environment
  3. Teeth: shape/type of teeth are related to diets
  4. Mimicry: copying another animal’s appearance/ sound allows a harmless organisms to fool predators
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4
Q

Examples of anatomical adaptions: Marram grass

A

xerophyte (plant adapted to live in environments with little water

–> curled leaves to minimise surface area of moist tissue exposed to air & protect leaves from wind
–> hairs on inside surface of leaves to trap moist air close to leaf, reducing diffusion gradient
–> stomata sunk into pits (less likely to ope and lose water)
—> thick waxy cuticle on leaves and stems, reducing water loss through evaporation

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5
Q

Behavioural adaptations

A

survival behaviours
- courtship
- seasonal behaviours e.g migration and hibernation

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6
Q

Migration

A

movement of animals from one region to another when environmental conditions are more favourable (better climate/ source of food etc)

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7
Q

Hibernation

A

period of inactivity in which an animal’s body temperature, heart rate and breathing rate slows down to conserve energy

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8
Q

Types of behavioural adaptations

A

innate/ instinctive: the ability is inherited through genes

Learned behaviour: adaptations learnt from experience/ observing other animals

Mainly a combo of both

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9
Q

Physiological adaptations

A

poision production

antibiotic production

water holding

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10
Q

Analogous structures:

A

adaptations to perform the same function but from a different genetic origin

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11
Q

Convergent evolution

A

when unrelated species begin to share similar traits ]
e.g. marsupial and placental mice (both small agile climbers that live in dense ground cover and forage at night for small food items)

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