10.7 Adaptions

Question 1

Adaptations

Answer 1

characteristics that increase an organim’s chance of survival and reproduction in its environment

Question 2

3 groups of adaptions

Answer 2

anatomical adaptations: physical features (internal & external)

behavioural adaptations: way an organism acts (can be inherited/ learnt from parents)

physiological adaptations: processes that take place inside an organism

Question 3

Anatomical adaptation examples

Answer 3

1. Body covering: hair, scales, spines, feathers
2. Camouflage: outer colour of an animal allows it to blend into its environment
3. Teeth: shape/type of teeth are related to diets
4. Mimicry: copying another animal’s appearance/ sound allows a harmless organisms to fool predators

Question 4

Examples of anatomical adaptions: Marram grass

Answer 4

xerophyte (plant adapted to live in environments with little water

–> curled leaves to minimise surface area of moist tissue exposed to air & protect leaves from wind
–> hairs on inside surface of leaves to trap moist air close to leaf, reducing diffusion gradient
–> stomata sunk into pits (less likely to ope and lose water)
—> thick waxy cuticle on leaves and stems, reducing water loss through evaporation

Question 5

Behavioural adaptations

Answer 5

survival behaviours
- courtship
- seasonal behaviours e.g migration and hibernation

Question 6

Migration

Answer 6

movement of animals from one region to another when environmental conditions are more favourable (better climate/ source of food etc)

Question 7

Hibernation

Answer 7

period of inactivity in which an animal’s body temperature, heart rate and breathing rate slows down to conserve energy

Question 8

Types of behavioural adaptations

Answer 8

innate/ instinctive: the ability is inherited through genes

Learned behaviour: adaptations learnt from experience/ observing other animals

Mainly a combo of both

Question 9

Physiological adaptations

Answer 9

poision production

antibiotic production

water holding

Question 10

Analogous structures:

Answer 10

adaptations to perform the same function but from a different genetic origin

Question 11

Convergent evolution

Answer 11

when unrelated species begin to share similar traits ]
e.g. marsupial and placental mice (both small agile climbers that live in dense ground cover and forage at night for small food items)