106 Flashcards
The amount of nutrients we should get every day for superior health is reflected as: RDA ODA MDR UL
ODA
Optimum Daily Allowance
A substance that needs to be present in addition to an enzyme, for a certain reaction to take place is called a:
Cofactor
The roles minerals play in our bodies include:
- Enzyme cofactors
- Anti-inflammatory
- Antioxidant
The term Biological Response Modifier refers to a substance that:
Changes something in your biology
Mineral deficiencies are common due to:
Aging
SAD
Commercial agriculture
Trace minerals include: (list 6)
Selenium boron silicon molybdenum vanadium iodine
Foods an NC would recommend to a client who needed more calcium in her diet would include:
- Goat’s milk and walnuts
- Canned sardines and collard greens
- Dates and dried figs
- Spinach and brown rice
Canned sardines and collard greens
When blood calcium decreases, the __________ gland secretes a hormone to help bring it to normal levels.
Parathyroid (regulates calcium levels)
Osteoporosis is a precursor to osteopenia.
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According to The Encyclopedia of Healing Foods, a trace mineral that is critical to bone health (possibly by helping to convert vitamin D to its active form) is
Boron (bones)
A deficiency of magnesium may manifest as: (3)
- High blood pressure
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Leg cramps
The group of nutrients capable of conducting current to facilitate metabolism are ions known as:
Electrolytes
Electrolytes are critical in helping the body to:
Regulate fluid balance, blood pressure, and pH
Which of the following facilitates the transport of glucose into a cell?
Sodium-potassium pump
The body’s primary energy is called:
ATP
______________refers to the ability of a nutrient to be absorbed and utilized by the body.
Bioavailability
The best food source of potassium from among the following is: Apple Avocado Chicken Carrot
Avocado
The most abundant source of many trace minerals may be found in:
Sea Vegetables
__________ is a trace mineral that is a critical component of “glucose tolerance factor”:
Chromium (glucose tolerance)
What nutrient is important in the transport of oxygen in blood and in muscle tissue and energy enzyme reactions?
Iron (transfers oxygen from lungs to blood)
Potassium is concentrated in:
The skins, rinds, and stalks of plants
Which of the following minerals are important to the formation of an antioxidant called superoxide dismutase?
Zinc and copper.
(Superoxide dismutase is an enzyme that helps break down potentially harmful oxygen molecules in cells, which might prevent damage to tissues.)
Avoiding which of these is critical for maintaining the body's iodine levels? Fluoride Excessive unfermented soy foods Chlorine Bromide
Fluoride
Excessive unfermented soy foods
Chlorine
Fatigue, palpitations, pale skin, and rapid heart rate are all symptoms of:
Iron deficiency-associated anemia
Megaloblastic anemia (enlarged, immature red blood cells) are symptoms of a deficiency of:
Vitamin B12 and/or folate (also a B vit)
Severe ________ deficiency can lead to diminished appetite, loss of taste and smell, delayed sexual maturation, and impaired wound healing.
Zinc (immune system. wound healing. needed for making proteins and dna)
The thyroid hormones T4 and T3 are dependent on which mineral for their manufacture?
Iodine (for thyroid)
_________ is a critical antioxidant mineral because it is chemically part of glutathione peroxidase, an essential antioxidant enzyme.
Selenium (is an antioxidant)
The B vitamin that assists in neurotransmitter production, homocysteine regulation, and synthesis of melatonin is:
Pyridoxine (neuroprotective. energy)
Vegans are frequently deficient in which B vitamin?
B12 (is essential for building blood cells and maintaining healthy nerve cells in the body.)
This under-appreciated vitamin keeps calcium in bones, and helps prevent arterial calcification.
K2 (activates calcium binding properties)
Food sources of vitamin D include: Sardines Carrots, yams Egg yolks, butter Spinach, uncooked peas
Egg yolks, butter
Sardines
(fat. animal foods)
Recent research seems to indicate that the gamma fraction of this vitamin may be even more powerful than the alpha fraction in preventing heart disease.
E (antioxidant)
Quercetin, rutin, naringen, and catechin are all:
Flavonoids (any of a class of nonnitrogenous biological pigments (biochromes) that includes the anthocyanins and the anthoxanthins.)
Lutein and other carotenes are known for their ability to:
- Provide protection against many cancers
- Guard against free radical damage
- Protect the eyes
{The human body converts beta carotene into vitamin A (retinol)}
Vitamin K2, the form used for moving calcium into and out of tissues, is found in the diet primarily in:
Animal foods
Glandulars may contain:
Neurotransmitters
Enzymes
Nutrients
Hormones
Appropriate supplement use includes:
- To correct deficiencies
- To slow down aging
- To prevent chronic disease
- To protect from toxicity
JAMA, in 2002, reversed its decision on supplements and declared that suboptimal levels of vitamins are a risk factor for chronic diseases.
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