103

Question 1

Best sources of dietary fiber

Answer 1

vegetables, legumes, fruits and seeds.

Question 2

Biochemical individuality determines:

Answer 2

Gene expression
Energy production
Toxic chemicals in one’s body
Organ functioning

Question 3

Energy production is depleted by

Answer 3

Muscle tension
Insufficient rest and relaxation
Excessive workouts
Chemicals in food and water

Question 4

Energy production processes in Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain require oxygen. T or F

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Free radicals can damage the following cell structures:

Answer 5

cell membrane
mitochondria
dna

Question 6

Metabolic reactions are mediated by:

Answer 6

Vitamins
Minerals
Enzymes and coenzymes

Question 7

Metabolism consists of:

Answer 7

• Chemical reactions happening in cells to maintain life
• Breaking down large molecules into small ones with release of energy
• Building up large molecules from small ones using energy

Question 8

Natural elements:
A. Do not decompose
B. Can be reused and recycled by all living organisms.

Answer 8

B

Question 9

Phytonutrients can optimize insulin signaling. T/F

Answer 9

T

Question 10

Phytonutrients include the following protective compounds found in plants:

Answer 10

• Antioxidants
• Polyphenols
• Bioflavonoids

Question 11

Pyruvate. Define and what it can be made from.

Answer 11

A main substrate for energy production, can be made out of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids.

Question 12

The following foods currently can be GMO except:

• papaya
• sugar
• soy
• lemons

Answer 12

Lemons

Question 13

The major components of the cell membrane

Answer 13

The major components of a cell membrane are phospholipids, glycolipids, proteins, and cholesterol.

Question 14

The preferred source of energy production is protein: T or F

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What is the most prevalent element in the human body?

Answer 15

Oxygen

Question 16

Which antioxidants can be obtained from food as well as synthesized in the body:

Answer 16

• Alpha lipoic acid
• Coenzyme Q10
• Glutathione

Question 17

Which factors can damage cells?

Answer 17

Toxicity and inflammation

Question 18

Functions of a cell?

Answer 18

• Transforming nutrients into energy
• Responding to stimuli
• Adaptation
• Repair and regeneration

Question 19

Which of these does not cause wheat sensitivity:
Fungicides
Pesticide glyphosate
Enzyme inhibitors
Drinking tap water

Answer 19

Drinking tap water

Question 20

Which molecules increase the flexibility and permeability of the cell membrane?

Answer 20

• Essential fatty acids

- Polyunsaturated fat

Question 21

Kreb Cycle

Answer 21

A The citric acid cycle (CAC) or the Krebs cycle– is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and carbon dioxide.

B The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is involved in cell respiration and produces NADH and FADH2 for the electron transport chain. The Krebs cycle also produces two ATP, but much more ATP is produced later, in the electron transport chain, so that is not its main purpose.

Question 22

Electron transport chain

Answer 22

The electron transport chain is the final stage of aerobic respiration leading to the forming of ATP in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

Question 23

Phytonutrients can optimize genetic expression. T/F

Answer 23

T