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Common Core > 104 Expeditionary First Aid > Flashcards

104 Expeditionary First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of First Aid

A
  • Save lives
  • Prevent further Injury
  • Minimize and Prevent infection
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2
Q

Causes and treatments for ASPHYXIATION

A

Caused by:

  • Airway Obstruction
  • Drowning, gunshot, explosion, chemical inhalation

Treat:

  • Clear Airway
  • CPR
  • Heimlich Maneuver
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3
Q

Causes and treatments for HEMORRHAGE

A

Causes:

  • Amputations
  • gun shot
  • knife wounds (creating loss of blood)

Treat:

  • direct pressure
  • tourniquet
  • plug wound
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4
Q

Causes and treatments for CARDIAC ARREST

A

Caused:

  • Heart attack
  • blood loss
  • Asphyxiation or Shock

Treatments:
-Severe injury left untreated

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5
Q

Causes and treatments for FRACTURES

A

Caused:

  • Jumps
  • Vehicle accidents
  • blasts and bullets
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6
Q

3 Causes and for BURNS

A

Chemical
Fire
Electrical

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7
Q

Possible causes and treatment for SHOCK injury

A

Hypovolemic (blood/body fluids)

Neurologic (failure of nervous system)

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8
Q

Possible causes and treatment for CARDIOGENIC injury

A

Heart failing to pump blood accurately

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9
Q

Possible causes and treatment for SEPTIC injury

A

Presence of Severe Infection

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10
Q

Possible causes and treatment for ANAPHYLACTIC injury

A

Life threatening allergic reaction

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11
Q

Causes and Treatment for SHOCK

A

failure of heart and blood vessels to maintain blood flow

Treatment:

  • place on back, legs elevated 6 to 12 in
  • control bleeding
  • Direct pressure/Pressure point
  • Tourniquet
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12
Q

Describe the Types of FRACTURES

A

OPEN (Compound) - breaks the skin

CLOSED (Simple) - does not break skin

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13
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of FRACTURES

A

Signs:

  • discoloration
  • bruising
  • swelling
  • external wound

Symptoms:

  • numbness or tingling
  • mild or severe pain in area
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14
Q

Treatment of fractures for an ARM

A

Forearm: stop bleeding/treat wound

  • pneumatic splint or two (top and bottom)
  • secure against body

Upper Arm:

  • stop bleeding/treat wound
  • use splints
  • don’t try to straighten if Elbow Fracture
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15
Q

Treatment for fractures on LEG

A

Upper: stop bleeding immobilize

  • armpit to foot, crotch to foot
  • treat for shock and transport

Lower: stop bleeding immobilize

  • 3 splints (one bottom)
  • pneumatic (extra padded)

Knee Cap:

  • Straighten from buttocks to knee pad
  • 4” wide minimum
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16
Q

Treatment for fractures on JAW

A

Pull jab forward with bandage

  • treat for shock
  • have knife/scissors to cut in case of vomit
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17
Q

Treatment for fractures on NOSE

A

head tipped slightly backwards

  • sit quietly
  • breath through mouth
  • cold compress
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18
Q

Treatment for fractures on SKULL

A

Keep victim lying down

  • Raise head and shoulder if face is flushed
  • lay flat if pale, even with body, watch for vomiting
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19
Q

Treatment for fractures on SPINE

A

Limit to no movement

  • use spine-board
  • do not lower head
  • transport ASAP
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20
Q

Treatment for fractures on RIB

A

splint if needed, arm to chest to limit motion

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21
Q

Treatment for fractures on SHOULDER

A

-Bend victims arm on injured side, place forearm across chest. thumb up

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22
Q

What are the 4 types of Bleeding

A

Capillary - Slow/Oozing blood

Venous - Dark Red/Maroon in Steady Stream

Arterial - Life Threatening

Hemorrhage - veins & arteries

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23
Q

How do you treat Bleeding

A

Direct pressure

Pressure Dressing

Indirect Pressure

Tourniquet

24
Q

What are the Symptoms of Shock

A
  • Cold sweaty Skin
  • Pale
  • Weak but Rapid Pulse
  • Irritability
  • Anxiety
  • Confusion
  • Thirst
  • Irregular breathing
  • Dizziness
  • Dialeded pupils
  • nausea
25
Q

Treatment for Shock

A

Position - on back with their legs elevated 6 to 12 inches

Control Bleeding

26
Q

Symptoms and treatment of the types of burns

A

Rules of Nines

Thermal Burn - external Heat

Electrical Burn - electrical current (internal) in/out wound

Chemical Burn - acids, alkali (burn deep), chemicals

27
Q

What are the 3 degrees of burns

A

First - 1st layer of skin

  • red skin
  • pain mild

Second - 2nd layer

  • red, blistered
  • moderate to severe pain

Third - all layers burned

  • white, lifeless, charged black
  • no pain
  • nerves destroyed
  • around is painful
28
Q

What are the 2 types of Chest Wounds

A

Open
Closed

-considered serious, difficulty breathing and severe bleeding

29
Q

What to do if person has Open Chest wound

A

Seal the wound

Leave one corner open to prevent build-up pressure

Lay casualty on affected side

30
Q

What to do if person has Closed Chest wound

A

Get medical help immediately

Usually ribs are broken

31
Q

Treatment of Chest Wounds

A
  1. ABC’s
  2. Locate edges
  3. Stabilize
  4. Prop casualty in semi-sitting position or lay on injured side
  5. Treat for shock
  6. Request immediate medical assistance
32
Q

What do most injuries to the abdomen require

A

Surgery

33
Q

Treatment of Abdominal Injuries

A
  1. ABC’s
  2. place in comfortable position
  3. remove clothing to assess injury
  4. treat for shock
  5. give nothing by mouth
  6. Request immediate medical assistance
34
Q

Causes and symptoms for the following: HEAD INJURY

A
  • driving accidents, wrecks
  • falls
  • blunt trauma
  • knifes/bullets

Open or Closed, possible brain damage (confusion & seizures)

35
Q

Causes and symptoms for the following: EYE INJURY

A

-Foreign bodies such as particles, dirt, sand, paper, paint chips or metal

Causes inflammation and infection
-dislodging by tears

36
Q

What should you do to prevent further injury of the Eye

A
  • Cover w/paper cup and cover other eye, to prevent involuntary use of other eye
  • thick dressing or dressing in hole, cover around eye
  • rolled bandage and wrap-it
37
Q

How to treat a Facial Injury

A

make sure tongue nor soft tissue block the airway, position to where blood may drain if needed

keep victim laying down, transport in litter

38
Q

What is a cold injury

A

blood vessels constricted due to exposure to cold and body heat is gradually lost

  • Tissue is easily damaged
  • Time, temp, humidity (exposure)
39
Q

What are the two types of cold injuries

A

Hypothermia

Frostbite

40
Q

What causes Hypothermia

A

Body looses heat faster then it can produce it

41
Q

What are the symptoms of Hypothermia

A
  • Faint Pulse
  • Mentally Slow
  • Slurred
  • Tissue injury to exposure of temps 32 and below
  • Slow and Shallow breathing
42
Q

Treatments for Hypothermia

A
  • Stop the loss of Heat
  • Re-warm body evenly
  • provide heat via other body/hot water bottle
43
Q

What causes frostbite

A

Tissue injury from the exposure to cold

44
Q

What are the two types of Frostbite

A

Superficial - skin surface

Deep - below the skin

45
Q

How do you treat Frostbite

A

Warm the area using firm steady pressure

46
Q

What are the 6 methods of transporting victims

A
  • Stokes Stretcher (wire basket)
  • Blanket Drag
  • Firearm Carry
  • Stretcher Carry (improvised)
  • Arm Carry
  • Pack Strap Carry
47
Q

What are 3 types of heat injuries

A
  • Heat Cramps
  • Heat Exhaustion
  • Heat Stroke
48
Q

What causes heat cramps

A

loss of salt from the body

49
Q

What causes Heat Exhaustion and its symptoms

A

Most common, caused by excessive sweating caused by hot environments

Symptoms:

  • moist & clammy skin
  • pupils Dilated
  • normal or subnormal temperature
50
Q

What is Heat Stroke and its symptoms

A

Life threathning emergency
-breakdown of the sweating mechanism

Symptoms:

  • Dry hot skin
  • Pupils Constricted
  • Very High Body Temperature
51
Q

What is NINE LINE MedEVAC

A

Line 1: Location
Line 2: Callsign, Radio Freq, and suffix
Line 3: Number of Patients (Urgent, Priority, Routine)
Line 4: Special Equip
Line 5: Number of Patients (litter/ambulance)
Line 6: Security of pickup site
Line 7: Markings at pickup site
Line 8: Nationality of patients
Line 9: NBC Contamination in Wartime/Terrain in peace

52
Q

Steps regarding CARE UNDER FIRE

A

Drag casualty to cover, continue with mission/fight

53
Q

Steps regarding TACTICAL FIELD CARE

A
  • Scene security
  • Evaluate casualties
  • All others delayed
54
Q

Steps regarding TACTICAL EVACUATION

A

Casualty and Medical evacuation

55
Q

Special Gauze used in the field to aid in the control of bleeding

A

Combat Gauze - homeostatic dressing

56
Q

Recently added to the 9-line MedEVAC report

A

Mechanism of injury - mine, gsw, rpg, rta

Injury - found and or suspected

Signs - pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate

Treatment given - morphine, tourniquet

57
Q

What are 3 methods of communications where oral comms are not reliable

A

Arm and Hand Signals

Whistle signals

Special Signals (horns, shots, siren)

Common Core (13 decks)

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