10.4 Evidence For Evolution

Question 1

What is evolution

Answer 1

It is the theory that describes the way in which organisms evolve or change over many years as a result of natural selection

Question 2

How did Darwin and Wallace contribute to the theory of evolution

Answer 2

Observed that birds have many different beak shapes
Concluded that birds with beak shapes most suited to the food they eat are more Likley to survive and therefore pass this beak shapes onto their offspring

Question 3

James Hutton

Answer 3

• came up with the principle of uniformitarianism
  This is the idea that natural processes change the land
  -

Question 4

Charles Lyell

Answer 4

Suggested fossils are evidence of animals that lived millions years ago

Question 5

Charles Darwin

Answer 5

Theorised idea of evolution
Studies finches and each have different beaks for different food
- found species show variation which will give then am and stage in environment due to different allele the characteristics most suited to environment are more likely yo survive and reproduce te successful genes are passed to offspring

Question 6

Evidence for evolution

Answer 6

Palaeontology - study of fossils
Comparative anatomy - study of similarities and differences between between Organisms anatomy
Comparative biochemistry - similarities and differences between the chemical makeup

Question 7

2 advantages of using fossil records as a source of evidence for evolution

Answer 7

Radioisotopes can be used to date fossils
Change can be tracked overtime
Chronological order apparently in rock strata

Question 8

What is a homologous structure

Answer 8

Structure that appears superficially different in different organisms but has the same underlying structure

Question 9

The presence of homologous structure provides evidence for what

Answer 9

Divergent evolution this describes how different species have evolved each with a different set of adaptive features

Question 10

The hypothesis of neutral evolution

Answer 10

States most variability in the structure of a molecule does not affect its function
Because
Most variability occurs outside of the molecule functional region

Question 11

2 disadvantages of using fossil records as a source of evidence for evolution

Answer 11

Many organisms decompose quickly before they have a chance to fossilise
Can be destroyed by volcanoes or earthquakes

Question 12

Explain how comparative biochemistry provides evidence of evolution

Answer 12

Study of similarities and differences in protein and nuclei acid / DNA of an organism
Changes in highly observed molecules can help identify evolutionary links such as ribosomal rna
Species closely related have the most similar dna and proteins