10.2 The Five Kingdoms Flashcards
What are the five kingdom
- Prokartotae (bacteria)
- Protoctista ( unicellular eukaryotes)
- fungi ( yeasts,mould and mushrooms
- plantae (plants)
- animalia ( animals)
How are organisms classified into there kingdoms
Based on similarities in their observable features
Prokaryote genealogy features
- unicellular
- no nucleus or other membrane bound organelles
- no visible feeding mechanisms
Protoctista general features
- unicellular
- a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
- some have chloroplasts
- some are sessile or move by cilia or flagella
- nutrients acquired by photosynthesis, injestion of other organisms or both
Fungi general features
- unicellular or multicellular
- nucleus or other membrane bound organelles, cell wall composed of chitin
- no chloroplast or chlorophyll
- no mechanisms for locomotion
- nutrients acquired by absorption
- store food as glycogen
Plantae general features
- multicellular
- nucleus and other membrane bound organelles organelles
- contain chlorophyll
- do not move
- nutrients require by photosynthesis
- store food as starch
Animalia general features
- multicellular
- nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
- no chloroplasts
- move with aid of cilia, flagella or contractile proteins
- nutrients acquired by ingestion
- food stored as glycogen
Explain why the classification systems have changed we use today is different from one originally proposed by Aristotle
Earliest classification system were based on visual similarity between organisms
Advances in our understanding of the biological or genetic make up of organisms has provided evidence for how organisms are linked.
The organisms in the different domains contain a unique form of rRNA and different ribosomes what are they
- eukarya - 80s ribosomes and RNA polymerase contains 12 proteins
- archaea. 70s ribosomes and RNA polymerase contain between 8 and 10 proteins
- bacteria - 70 ribosomes and RNA polymerase contains 5 proteins
In worse’s system the prokaryote kingdom becomes divided into two kingdoms what are they and therefore what is the six kingdoms
Becomes divided into two kingdoms
- archaebacteria and eubacteria
Six kingdoms
- archaebacteria, eubacteria, Protoctista, fungi, plantae, animalia
Archaebacteria
Known as ancient bacteria
Can live in extreme enviroments
Eubacteria
True bacteria found in all environments
Chemically different the then archaebacteria
