10. Social identities Flashcards
Who are the first 2 psychologists and what theory are they known for?
- Henry tajfel - understanding prejudice
- John turner - self-categorisation theory
social identity theory
What does minimal group paradigm mean?
what are the minimal conditions required for group discrimination
What was the painting minimal group paradigm study? And who did it?
tajfel et al
asked ppts what painting they preferred
put in 1 of 2 groups - didn’t know other members previously
to see decision-making
give anonymous money to random people - group membership
What’s a possible reason for mgp?
social categorisation - cognitive process
What did tajfel’s line test find?
when lines were put into categories - ppts over-estimated line lengths way more (0.6-2.3)
What’s a reason for tajfel’s line length findings? And what does it lead to?
positive group distinctiveness - self-esteem
What does self-anchoring mean?
when someone projects their own characteristics onto the group
What does positive group distinctiveness mean?
wanting our group to be distinct/valuable
Main idea of tajfel and turner’s social identity theory:
(3 points)
social categories - sense of who we are
maintaining social identities - rather than personal
group threat - leave
What are the 3 social identity maintenance strategies?
individual mobility - leave
social competition - try make group status better
social creativity - look at things differently
What did Ellemers et al do?
217 students
16 experimental conditions
group assignment
bogus skills tasks
What were Ellemers’ 2 findings?
unstable groups - willing to improve status
permeable groups - identified less and more with higher status
What are the 3 ways we categorise people like objects?
(c fit, n fit, p-readiness)
- comparative fit - maximises differences between groups, minimises within (b-u process)
- normative fit - what categories are ‘meant’ to be like (t-d)
- perceiver readiness - pre-existing goals
What does it mean that identity salience varies with context?
we fit into our different groups depending on who we’re with, the situation etc
2 benefits of social identification?
social support
stress coping
