10: Education Flashcards
What’s the 1944 Education Act?
established a tripartite secondary school system:
-Grammar school for the academically able
-Technical school for the technically able
-Secondary Modern School for everyone else
Children took exams in the last year of primary school to determine whichs school. Technical schools never took off so it became a two-tier system.
What is the Comprehensive system?
Through the 1960s and 70s government became in favour of the Comprehensive system, where all students were taught together.
Grammar schools were converted into comprehensive schools.
What did David Cameron’s government rule about schools
That no new grammar schools could be established but current ones can expand.
What did Theresa May change about schools?
Lifted the ban on new grammar schools was set to create 140 new schools but this pledge was abandoned in. 2017 election.
What are Local Education Authorities?
Since 1901 LEAs have been responsible for running schools and providing some democratic oversight through elected councillors. Originally LEAs were the county councils. They are in two-tier authorities. Unitary authorities and LEAs:
The power of LEAs has diminished
How have the Local Education Authorities power diminished?
-1988 Conservative Education Reform Act established Grant Maintained Schools that could opt out of local authority control
-Act also established the National Curriculum
-2000 Labour government itnroduced City academies, established in partnership with private companies and specialising in particular subjects like languages, sport or sciences, usually in deprived areas.
-Managed their own admissions and could select 10% students by aptitude.
What did the1988 Conservative Education Reform Act do?
Established Grant maintained schools that could opt out of local authority control.
-Established national curriculum.
Who introduced academies?
2000 Labour government
What did 2010 Coalition government do in terms on education?
Massively expanded academies with the 2010 Academies Act.
What is the 2010 academies act
-Academies are independent of LEAs
-dont have to follow national curriculum
-cannot charge fees
-classed as charities and have tax breaks
-often run by private companies and charities
-forces failing schools to become academies
-fast track outstanding schools to become academies
Free schools:
-set up by parents, teachers, charities or businesses in areas with shortage of provision.
-Independent of LEA
-not selective, cant charge fees
-not allowed to make profit
-free schools are started from scratch while academies are existing schools
-both are state schools funded by taxpayers and not allowed to charge parents.
What are the main types of academies?
Sponsored academies: have sponsors like businesses, universities, other schools, faith groups or voluntary groups.
Converter academis- dont have sponsored and were assessed as performing well previously
In some areas number of schools have combined to form multi academy trusts to run schools.
What are the similarities and differences between academies and free schools?
Not controlled by local Education authority but directly by the department of education
-self-govening and can set their own term times and school hours and staff
-dont have to follow national curriculum
-are subject to ofsted
-cannot charge fees, funded by taxpayers
-state schools
Free schools start from scratch while academies were existing schools
What is funding on education like?
Current gov pledged to protect schools budget
-total amount spent on education has increased but spend per pupil has decreased
-money goes either from central government to clocal authorities for LEA controlled community schools or directly to Academy and Free schools
-2016 government introduced new National Funding Formula for Schools to address large disparities in funding per pupil
-takes mobility into account to help with high pupil turnover helping rural schools
what is ofsted
Office of Standards in Education, children’s services and skills charged with regulating standards in state schools.
-Publishes league tables of school performance
-carries regular inspections, rating:
outstaning, good, requires improvement, inadequate
-can give notice to improve
-put school into special measures if failing to provide
-school is closely monitored and re-inspected within 2 years
-senior staff may be removed
-could be closed and reopened as academy
What is The Office of Qualifications and Examinanation regulation?
set up to maintain standards in examinations by Ofsted
