10/27/16

Question 1

What two roman civil wars were being waged in the early 310s?

Answer 1

C. Constantine vs. Maxentius (312) – Civil war in the West; Battle of the Milvian Bridge
D. Constantine and Licinius – co-rulers [Licinius had defeated Maximinus Daia in 313]

Question 2

What did the Edict of Milan (313) do?

Answer 2

Religious freedom for all religions.

Question 3

What controversial “move” did Constantine make?

Answer 3

Moved the capital to Constantinople

Question 4

What evidences are given to support Constantine’s piety?

Answer 4

A. Personal Conversion
B. Minimizing the Evil of Paganism
C. Increased Influence of Christianity
D. Sought Unity of Church Doctrinally by convening the Council of Nicea
E. Law Began to Reflect Christian Humaneness

Question 5

What inconsistencies of Constantine are listed?

Answer 5

A.	Treatment of Donatists
B.	Treatment of Athanasius
C.	Treatment of Licinius and Crispus
D.	Retention of Title Pontifex Maximus
E.	Postponement of Baptism

Question 6

Who are the three sons of Constantine and what is their religious affiliation?

Answer 6

A. Constans – Nicene
B. Constantine II – Nicene
C. Constantius II – Arian

Question 7

Who succeeded Constantius II as emperor?

Answer 7

Julian the Apostate

Question 8

Summarize the Constantinian change.

Answer 8

A. Changed the situation for Christians in the Empire
B. Had little real comprehension of moral and theological demands of Christianity
C. Maintained a mystical attachment to Christ and Christian symbols and respected the power of Christ
D. Relation of church and state begin to compete as systems of authority

Question 9

What was the central issue that drove Arius to call the son a created being?

Answer 9

Arius desired to defend the monotheism of God.

Question 10

What are the key points to Arius’ view of Christ?

Answer 10

1. The Son is the first created being. (“There was when he was not”)
2. As such, he is of different substance (heterousios) than the Father
3. All other created things are created through him
4. Logos is rational principle of Jesus in the incarnation
5. Though finite… he is to be worshiped

Question 11

What are the key points Athanasius argues against Arius?

Answer 11

1. The Son is no begotten by the will of the Father, but by his nature.
2. As such, he is of the same essence of the Father (homousios)
3. Personality: Eternal, ->(?) Assumed. Singular person with two natures.
4. All of this is necessary for salvation.

Question 12

What are the “Differing Christological options of Opposers of Nicea”?

Answer 12

A. The Anomeans (not like the father. Denied the deity of Christ)
B. The Homoiousion (of like essence of the Father)
C. The Homoean (Just like the father without specifying essence)

Question 13

What are the factors in the “Ascendancy of Arianism”?

Answer 13

1. Political factors
2. Aggressive posturing of the Arians and semi-arians
3. Use of Synods attempting to make decrees against Niceans
4. Second Synod of Sirmium 357