10/23 Clinical Coorilatives Flashcards
what is pap smear?
it is using a speculum to open a vagina and then using a cervical bush to capture some of the cells of the transition zone of the cervix and then analyze them for any unusual cells
what type of cell ar of the cervix?
colomnar cells transition to squamous cuboidal
what is the transition zone in the cervix?
The point in the cervix where the colomnar cells from the uterus transition to the squamous cells of the vagina and outer cervix (squamocolumnar junction)
what should a good pap smear sample look like?
should have transformation zone and squamous components - two different types of cells.
how often should a pap smear take place?
21-30 every 3 and 30+ is every 5
how does the transition zone change with age?
the transition zone becomes apparent after menstration and is at the bottom of the cervix, it then moves up the cervix as women ages.
How do you make the cells on the cerix that are abnormal stand out as white?
use white vinigar to make the cells stand out
what do you do after a positive pap smear?
do a colposcopy (highlight the abnormal cells) and then take a biopsy
what are we looking for in a colposcoy?
looking for the changed cells and for those cells to have low, high, or cancer states of cells.
how do you treat abnormal cells on the cervix?
can do a cone biopsy or freezing treatment (like freezing a wart); or do a LEAP which is similar to the cone. it takes off the bottom of the cervix.
How does birth control work?
prevents a dip in progesterone/estrogen to prevent the spike in GnRH to prevent the rise in FSH/LH to prevent the rise in estrogen to prevent the spike of LH/FSH to prevent ovulation!
what does Estrogen in oral contraceptives do?
stop the pituitary gland from prodcing FSH and LH, support the uterine lining endometrium to prevent breakthrough bleeding early in cycle/ secretions of uterus are changed.
what does progestin in oral contraceptives do?
stop the pituitary gland from producing LH to prevent egg release. make the utrene lining inhospitable to fertilized egg. support the uterine lining later in cycle. limit sperm ability to fertilize; thicken the cervical mucus!
why would combined oral contraceptives lead to lighter menstrual bleeding?
don’t really go into the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle…just secretory phase always!
if spotting early in birth control cycle, what would need more of?
progesterone
