10/20 Anatomy of Female and Male Repro Flashcards
the framale gonads
ovaries (the primary sex organs)
funcitons of the ovaries
produce female gametes (ova); secrete female sex homones (estrogen and porgesterone
what holds the ovareis in place?
the ovarian ligament from the ovary to the uteris; suspensory ligament from the uterine tube to the body wall; mesovarium ligament from the tube to the ovary.
what is the ovarien ligament a remenant of?
The gubernaculum
where is the suspensory ligament?
it is a stretch of tissue that is the ovarian arterie/vien and autonomic and lymphatics wrapped in paratanium, and traveling from the body wall to the
where is the mesovarium
between the ovary and follupian tube
what is the arterial supply of the ovaries?
ovarian (gonadal) arteries
how is the venus drainage unique of the ovary?
the R. ovary drains to the IVC. and the left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein (these are the gonadal veins!)
what are the three names of the tube from the ovaries to the uterus?
uturin tube; fallopian tube; ova duct
describe the opening fo the uterin tube
fimbriae (fingers to gather in the oocyte.) infundibulum (exxternal os open into the peritoneal cavity) ampulla (first of the tube, usual site of fertilization)
where in the female is the peratanium not a complete celomic sac?
two holes at the Infundibulum.
what are the three layers of the uterine wall?
perimetrium: serous layer (peritoneum); 2. myometrium: (smooth muscle) 3. Endometrium: (mucosal lining).
what is irregular of the myometrium?
the muscle is in all different directions! (like messy hair)
what are the three parst of the uterus?
the fundus, the body and the cervix (neck)
what blocks infection from entering the cervix and sperm from entering except during midcycle?
Cervical glands secrete mucus and create mucus plug as well as an acidic environment.
reflection of peritoneum between the uterus and the lateral pelvic wall.
broad ligament.
forms a double layer of peritoneum around uterus, uterine tubes and ovaries.
Broad ligament
subdivisions of the boad ligament
Vesicouterine pouch; Rectouterine pouch; suspensory ligament of ovary; mesometrium; mesosalpinx; mesovarium.
what is the lowest part of the peritonium…the spot where puss and fluid could gaterh
In the back it is the Rectouterine Pouch; In the front it is the vesicouterine pouch.
what peritoneal tissue is the borad ligament an extension of
peritoneium
how many layers is the broad ligament comprised of?
2
what are the 3 components of the broad ligament that lies between the ovarian tube and the ovaries?
mesosalpinx; mesovarium; mesometrium
Lies between the uterin tube, and the ovary:
the Mesosalpinx
Ligament that surrounds the ovary and makes a mesentary to the rest of the broad ligament.
mesovarium
The borad ligament below the ovary and connecting to the uterus.
Mesometrium.
describe the movement of the egg in the peritonium
the egg is ovulated through the mesovarium and into the celoem of the abdoment, then guided by the fimbre back through a hole in the broad ligament and into the ova duct.
what is the vascular supply of the uterin?
uterin and vaginal arteries arise from the internal iliac arteries: uterine arteries (to the bottom of the utureis) then up the body to the ovary. the vaginal to the cervix and the vagina and then up and down. The ovary also has the ovarian arter from the gential artery. all these connect together!!!
what is the pattern of muscles in the pelvis?
the same pattern of body wall muscles continue: three layers of muscles: External muslce layer; Middle muscle layer; (Neurovascular plane), internal muscle layer.
what is the internal layer of muscle in the pelvis?
Levator ani Muscle
functions of the lavator ani muscles
support and urnary and fecal vagina continance
what is the middle and external layer of muscles at the obturator level in the pelvis?
the obturator externus and internus.
what are the three muscle layers at the pelvic perineal?
Pelvic diaphram or lavator ani (internal layer); urigential diaphram or deep transverse perineal(middle layer); The superficial perineal muscles: Ischiocavernosus/bulbospongiosus/superficial transverse (external layer.)
what are the three muscles of the external layer perineal muscles?
the ischiocavernosus m. ; bulbospongiosus m. superficial transverse perineal m.
what is the female equivelent of the erectile tissue?
clitoris (crura, and glans clitoris that is exposed), crus of clitoris that is tuched under the inferior pubic ramus.
diamond shaped region between pubis, ischium and coccyx
perineum
what is the spaces below the abdominopelvic cavity, where the uterine lies?
subperitoneal space
where is the perineum?
diamond-shaped region between the pubic symphysis and coccyx; bordered by the ischial tuberosisties laterally
fatty area over pubic symphysis
mons pubis
hair covered, fatty skin folds
labia majora
skin folds lying within labia majora
labia minora
recess between labia minora
vestibule.
what are the divisions of the perineum?
the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle. on the top and the bottom
the small cavity formed at the top of the vagina by the protrusion of the bottom of the cervix.
Fornix (posterior and anterior)
how is the innervation of the vagina unique?
the vagina is duely inervated. the superior is viscerla innervated. the anerior is Pudendal N. (somatic (pain temp. touch vibration))
where is the refered pain for a pap-smear?
to the dermatomes of the S2,S3,S4 or the dermatomes right over the pubic area.
what releases lubricant near the opening of the vagina?
greater vestibular glands
the muscle in female that is tucked along the inferior pubic ramus just over the top of the crus of the clitoris.
the ischiocavernous muscle
The muscle in the female that is tucked along the vagina over the bulb of the vestibule.
bulbospongiosus
The muscle that goes from the ischeal tuberosity to the anterior point of the shpinx of the anus.
superficial transverse perineal muscle.
Innervation to the superficial perineal muscles (bulbospongiosus; transvers; ischiovavernous)
Pudendal nerve
what causes the orgasmic rythmic movement of the muscle?
pudendal nerve (S2-S4)
where does the pudendal nerve arise?
from the S2-S4 ventral rami
where does the autonomic inervation of the clitoris arise?
s2,s3,s4 – the uterovaginal plexus; same as the pudendal nerve.
what nerve provides sensory info for the perineum?
Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)
What is the nervous system source of penile stimulation
Pudendal nerve (somatic - pain, temp, touch vibration sensation)
What is the nervous system stimulation source for erection?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic)
what is the nervous system stimulation source for Emission (first part of ejaculation)
Lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves (sympathetic) (lateral horns of T10-L2 cord levels)
Innervation for Ejaculation (second part of ejaculation)
Pudendal nerve (somatic)
where would the pudendal nerve conduct a stimulation signal from the genitals?
to the S2,S3,S4 spinal cord level.
describe the path a stimulation signal would take from the genitals to the spinal chord
from the perineum innervated by the pudendal nerve, up the pudendal nerve that dives deep and around to the back, and then to the ventral ramus of S2,S3,S4, and then to the dorsal root and the dorsal root gangleon, and to the spinal chord.
Where do the pelvic splanchnic nerves arise?
from the lateral horns of the S2-S4 cord levels
where does the pelvic splanchnic course after arising from the lateral horns of the S2-S4 chord levels?
courses through the ventral root, to the trunk, to the ventral ramus and then branch off of the ventral ramus to the pelvic splanchnic to the pre-aortic inferior hypogastric plexis and prostatic plexuses to the penis.
what causes erection after the pelvic splanchnic stimulation?
Nitric Oxide cuases vasodilation of deep penile arteries, blood fills the erectile tissue (corp and Spong cav)/compression of veins.
Describe the cross section of the penis
looks like a monkey face with the eyes being the central arteries of the penis from (branch of the internal pudendal artery). the arteries are surrounded by erectile tissue of the capora cavernosa. The “mouth” of the monkey is the urethra surrounded by the corpus spongiosum that is erectile tissue around the urethra. The “Hair” of the monkey face are the Dorsal penile veins (they get squashed during an erection)
Describe the course of the nervous system stimulation for the begining of emission, and what it stimulates:
T10-L2 lateral horn to the lumbar and sacral splanchnic, to the per-aortic plexes inferior hypogastric gangleon, synapse, and then to the spermatic tubes, synapse and NE causes peristatic contractions of the ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, proste smooth muscles and constriction of the internal urethral sphincter.
why does semen and urine not mix?
the internal urethral sphincter closes under sympathetic innervation
one more time: describe the innervation of the sympathetic nervous system to the penis to promote emission:
T10-L2: splanchnic and down the sympahtetic chain to the lumbar splanchnic to the web of nerves known as the pre-aortic gangleon, to the inferior hypogastric, synapse, and to the spermatic tubes, synapse and release NE.
Describe the innervation of the final phase of ejaculation:
impulses start in the ventral horn of the S2-S4 cord level pudendal nerve conducts the motor impulse to cause rhythmic contractions of the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles.
