(1) Unit 5: Data Presentation Flashcards
Data presentation method:
Data is simply narrated, story fashion
Narrative or textual
Data presentation method:
A systematic arrangement of data presented in columns and rows for the purpose of comparison
Tabular
Data presentation method:
Pictorial representation of data
Figure / graphical
Data presentation method:
Most basic way of presenting data
Textual presentation
Data presentation method:
Data is presented in the form of a sentence / paragraph
Textual presentation
Characteristics of a good figure/table
Simplicity
Clarity
Continuity
Allow the amounts of raw data to be sorted and reorganized in a neat format
Tabular presentation
T/F: never put data in the table if you can describe it efficiently in one or two sentences
T
Uses of tables
Summarizing and presenting data
Data checking and editing
Basis, aid in graph or chart construction
Strengths of tables
Easy to understand
More compact and concise than textual form
Present data in greater detail than a graph
Can readily point out trends, comparisons, or interrelations
Parts of a table:
Table number: use ___ numerals
Arabic
Parts of a table:
Table number: ___ is unacceptable
Partial or fractional numbering
Parts of a table:
Table title should ___ the content of a table without referring the reader to the next
adequately explain
Parts of a table:
Table title: spacing
Single-spaced
Parts of a table:
Table number: do not use ___
Suffix letters
Parts of a table:
located in the body of the table in order to divide the data in a table without changing the columns
Table spanners
Parts of a table:
used to combine two tables into one provided they have similar column heads.
Table spanner
Parts of a table:
Used to avoid repetition of words in column headings
Decked heads
Parts of a table:
The intersection between a row and column
Cell
Parts of a table:
Qualifies, explains or provides info relating to the table as a whole and gives explanation of abbreviations, symbols as well as the source
General note
Parts of a table:
Refers to a particular column or row or individual entry
Specific note
Parts of a table:
Indicated by superscript lowercase letters
Specific note
Parts of a table:
Indicates the results of tests of significance
Probability note
Tables that have textual data
Word/textual table
T/F: Word/textual table serve the same purpose as any table - comparison
T
Numerical table:
A ratio of the number of observations in a statistical category to the total number of observations (proportion or %)
Relative frequency table
Numerical table:
a table which presents proportion data and categorical variables
Relative frequency table
Relative frequency table:
Presents data with respect categories of one variable only
One-way
Relative frequency table:
data with respect to cross-classification of two categorical variables
Two-way
Relative frequency table:
data with respect to more than two categorical variables
Multi-way
tables that can present data of a
- descriptive statistics
- inferential statistics
Statistical tables
to facilitate tabulation in the absence of a computer
Master table
shows the distribution of observations across several variables of interest in a given study
Master table
each observation is cross-classified across the variables
Master table
skeleton tables
Dummy tables
preview of tables to be
Dummy tables
Uses of dummy tables
.help researcher clarify instrument
.help protocol reviewer
.guides data analyst/programmers
Usual errors in table construction
- comparison based on absolute numbers
- use of wrong denominators in computing for percentages
visual representation of relationship between,
but not restricted to, two variables
Graphical presentation
Instances where graph are not appropriate
- Data are very dispersed
- Too few data (categories)
- Numerous data
- Data show little or no variation
Type of graph:
Shows breakdown of a group or total where the no. of categories is not too many
Pie chart
Type of graph:
Readily compares the percentages in each category by comparing the heights of the bars
Bar graph
Type of bar graph:
Usually used for discrete quantitative variables
Vertical bar graph
Type of bar graph:
Used for qualitative variables
Horizontal bar graph
Type of graph:
A bar divided into smaller rectangles representing the parts
Component bar graph
T/F: A horizontal bar graph is similar to a pie chart
F (component bar graph)
___ is preferable over pie chart in situations where the compositions of two or more groups are to be compared
Component bar graph
Type of graph:
Graphical representation of the frequency distribution of a continuous variable
Histogram
T/F: it is important to leave spaces between the bars of histogram to avoid confusion
F (no space between bars in an important characteristic of this graph)
In histogram, ___ may show the absolute or relative frequencies
Vertical scale
Type of graph:
Plot of dots ( representing values of the variable) joined with lines over some period of time in sequential series
Line graph
Type of graph:
Time series is shown along the horizontal axis while the variable values are shown along the vertical axis
Line graph
Type of graph:
Similar to the histogram except that
- Frequencies are plotted against the corresponding midpoints of the classes
- Can depict more than 1 one distribution
Frequency polygon
T/F: frequency polygon is an open figure
F (closed)
Type of graph:
Show relationship between two quantitative variables
Scatterplot
Type of graph:
Gives rough estimate of the degree of correlation between the variables
Scatterplot
