1: Theories of Human Development Flashcards
Psychoanalytic Theories: Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
internal. Unconscious impulses outside our awareness drive our behaviour
Psychoanalytic Theories: Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory
external. Behaviour/self is influenced by the social world
Psychoanalytic theories
who we are depends on the interplay between memories, environment, and unconscious desires that we can’t control
Behaviorist: Classical Conditioning
person/animal associates environmental stimuli with psychological responses
example: Pavlov’s dog or The Office Jim’s prank
Behaviorist: Operant Conditioning
behavior becomes more or less probable depending on its consequences
example: positive or negative reinforcements or punishments
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
suggests that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating the behavior of others. We can then process observable info and thoughts to influence the future
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory: Observational Learning
people don’t actively receive rewards/punishments, but instead learn through observing and imitating
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory : Reciprocal determinism
individuals and environment interact and influence each other and learn from these interactions
Cognitive Theory
processing thoughts and info (cognition) influences development and behavior
Cognitive Theory: Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory
people use their ability to think to better understand their environment. We organize new information in our head to create new cognitive schemas or ideas to interact with the world
Systems Theory
complex arrangements of systems (groups, like beliefs and environment) that interaction with each other. Social context is important in development, and people are inseparable from the familial and societal contexts where they live
