1. Muscles and Bones of Respiration

Question 1

Inspiration

Answer 1

EIC + diaphragm contract

ribs + sternum move up and out

abdominal muscles relax

lung vol increases

Question 2

Expiration

Answer 2

EIC + diaphragm relax

IIC + abdominal muscles contract

ribs + sternum are depressed

lung vol. decreases

Question 3

How many pairs of external intercostal (EIC)

Answer 3

11 pairs

Question 4

How many pairs of internal intercostal (IIC)

Answer 4

11 pairs

Question 5

In which direction do bucket handle movements change dimensions of thorax?

Answer 5

TRANSVERSE direction

Question 6

In which direction do pump handle movements change dimension of thorax?

Answer 6

ANTEROPOSTERIOR direction ribs (2-6)

Question 7

Muscles of inspiration:

Answer 7

Diaphragm

External intercostals

Sternocleidomastoids

Scalenes

Pectoralis minor

Quadratus lumborum

Question 8

Muscles of expiration:

Answer 8

Internal intercostals

Abdominal muscles

Question 9

Anatomy of the Diaphragm

Answer 9

skeletal muscle mostly

phrenic nerve (C3,C4,C5)

Right crus (L1-3) is longer

3 arcuate ligaments

Question 10

Hiatuses of the diaphragm and their levels

Answer 10

1) Caval opening (T8)
2) Oesophageal hiatus (T10)
3) Aortic hiatus (T12)

Question 11

Structures of the caval opening

Answer 11

IVC

Right phrenic nerve

Question 12

Structures of the Oesophageal hiatus

Answer 12

Oesophagus Vagal trunks

Oesophageal blood vessels

Question 13

Structures of the Aortic hiatus

Answer 13

Thoracic duct

Azygous vein

Aorta