(1) MC/Matching: Industrialization Flashcards
Natural Resources:
Where, Why, and How?
Edwin Drake?
America had an abundance of natural resources, in the west especially. If extracted, they would not have to be imported. Railroads were built to carry miners and minerals east to west.
Resources were: timber, coal, iron, copper, petroleum. In 1859, Edwin Drake drilled the first oil well in Titusville, PA and the oil industry was born.
Large Workforce:
Why?
The industry needed lots of people to be their workers, and luckily they had that in abundance. There were 2 main drivers to population growth.
(1) As living conditions went up, the death rate went down causing more people to survive past infancy.
(2) 17 million new Immigrants coming in between 1870 and 1890.
New Inventions:
Alexander Graham Bell?
Thomas Alva Edison?
New Inventions improved transportation, communication, and productivity.
Ex: Ice Machine, automatized textile production, telegraph.
(1) Invented the telephone which revolutionized communication. Started the Bell Telephone Company, (Now AT&T).
(2) Had an “Invention Factory”. Made the phonograph (1877), Lightbulb, Battery, Dictaphone, and Motion picture. Patented over 1000 inventions.
Free Enterprise System:
Laissez Faire?
Tariffs?
It placed very few restrictions on the type of business activities or ownership in which citizens participated in. This turned the US into an economic powerhouse.
(1) The ideology of the government staying out of the economy and “allowing things to do as they wish”.
(2) Taxes on imported goods that were one of the pillars of the American system.
Transcontinental Railroad:
Pacific Railway Act?
Chinese Labor?
Time Zones?
It was the first continuous railroad across the US and it connected the Atlantic and Pacific, and was made possible by the Pacific Railway Act of 1862. A large part of the western half was built by the Chinese. The time zones are eastern, central, mountain and pacific.
Captains of Industry or Robber Barons? What were they known for?
Captains of Industry: good morals business leader, positive to the country.
Robber Baron: Bad morals, power hungry, stealing, using political means to achieve personal ends.
JD Rockefeller + Standard Oil, Andrew Carnegie, Steel industry
Capital vs. Labor
Capital: Has the money, is the player moving the pawn
Labor: The working class, is the pawn being moved.
Labor unions would be created to fight for better pay and working conditions.The Haymarket Affair was originally a meeting to talk over the violent protests, but a bomb was thrown and 4 people were sentenced to jail and 4 hanged without being given a proper trial.
