1. introduction to design thinkig

Question 1

elements 8

Answer 1

• Building blocks used by designer to create the designs
• They are the parts the components that can be isolated and defined in any visual design they are the structure of the work the objects to be arranged and used as the part of any composition
  –general design elements are composed by:
  1. Point
  2. line
  3. Shape
  4. Form
  5. color
  6. Value
  7. texture
  8. space

Question 2

point

Answer 2

1. Smallest and most basic element of design
2. It can be used alone or as an unit in a group(forming a line or a shape)
3. It has position, But no extension it is a single marked space with a precise elevated location
4. It provides powerful relation between positive and negative space

Question 3

line

Answer 3

1. It We place many points on next to each other we obtain a line which can have length and direction but no depth
2. Lines can be used to create shapes and to create perspective and dominant directional lines which creates a sense of continuance in the composition
3. They can be Grouped to create a sense of value density or texture

Question 4

shape

Answer 4

1. Shape is an element defined by its perimeter, a closed contour
2. It is the area that is contained within implied line and it has two dimensions height and width
3. A shape can be geometric (like triangle square and circle) realistic( like animals and humans) or abstract(like icons and stylizations)

Question 5

form

Answer 5

1. The form is derived from the combination of point, line and shape
2. Form Describe the volume
3. the 3D aspect of an object that can take up space and can be viewed from any angle like cube or a sphere etc
4. It has width height and depth

Question 6

color

Answer 6

1. Colour is the response of the eye to the differing wavelengths of the radiation within the visible spectrum
2. colours are used to generate emotions, define hierarchy and create interest
3. There are many colour systems and theories but we’ll focus on three properties
   i. Hue Is the colour name
   ii. Value Refers to the lightness or the darkness to how close to black or white the hue is
   iii. Saturation It refers to intensity of Hugh the less grey a colour has in it the more chroma it has

Question 7

Value

Answer 7

1. It is defined as relative lightness or darkness which suggests depth or volume of the particular object or area
2. it is the degree of light and dark in a design
3. the contrast between black and white and all the tones in between

Question 8

Texture

Answer 8

1. The surface quality that can be seen and felt is called texture
2. It can be rough or smooth, Soft or hard
3. texture can be defined by both tactile and visual phenomena We can feel or imagine the surface of any object

Question 9

Space

Answer 9

1. The area that is shape or form occupies
2. It refers to the background against shape and form
3. It is defined as positive and negative
   postive space– space which is occupied by design/obj
   negetive space– Space between the objects or the space which is not yet occupied

Question 10

Principles 9

Answer 10

Principles of desiOf designgn combine the elements Of design to create a composition they are guidelines that are used to arrange the elements
A set of guidelines that designers use to create functional and appealing designs
These principles work together to create something that is both aesthetically pleasing and optimising to the user experience
The principles are composed by:
1. Balance
2. Emphasis
3. Movement
4. Pattern
5. Repetition
6. proportion
7. Rhythm
8. variety
9. Unity

Question 11

1-balance

Answer 11

1. It refers to the appropriate arrangement of objects in a design to create impression of equality in the weight or importance
2. It is the concept of visually equilibrium of similar opposing or contrasting elements that together create a unified whole
3. It comes in two forms:
   1) Symmetrical
   When the weight of the composition is evenly distributed around the central axis
   2) asymmetrical
   When the weight of the composition is not evenly distributed around central axis

Question 12

2-Emphasis

Answer 12

1. it marks the location in the composition which strongly draws the viewer’s attention which is also referred to as focal point
2. it is most important area object where compared to other objects or areas in a composition
3. There are 3 stages:
   1) Dominant the object with the most visual weight
   2) Sub-dominant the object ofSecondary emphasis
   3) Subordinate the object with least visual weight which is usually the background

Question 13

3-movement

Answer 13

1. The visual flow through the composition where the designer can direct the viewer’s eye over the surface of the design
2. the movement can be directed along edges, shapes, lines, color, etc

Question 14

4-pattern

Answer 14

1. An object or symbol that who beats in a design sequentially is called as pattern
2. Pattern may be precise with regular reputation or an alternate pattern which uses more than single form of reputation

Question 15

5-repetition

Answer 15

1. repetition creates unity and consistency in the composition it is the reuse of same, similar or different objects throughout the design
2. The reputation can be regular even or uneven and can be in the form of radiation (where the repeated elements spread out from central point) or graduation (where the repeated elements become smaller or larger)

Question 16

6- Proportion

Answer 16

1. Comparative Relationship between two are more elements in a composition with respect to size colour quantity degree etc are between whole object and one of its parts
2. it occurs in 2 ways
   1) Harmonious When the elements are in proportion
   2) unbalanced When Elizabeths aren’t disproportionate

Question 17

7-rythm

Answer 17

alternation or repetition of elements with defined intervals between them Textures
It can be established by three different types of rhythm
1. regular Accuracy when the intervals between elements are similar
2. flowing Give the sense of movement
3. progressive Shows a sequence of forms through the progression of steps

Question 18

8-variety

Answer 18

1. Refers to combination of elements in an intricate and complex relationship using different values, lines, textures, shapes, hues
2. It is complementary to unity and often needed to Create visual interest or to call the attention to a specific area in the composition

Question 19

9- Unity

Answer 19

1. It describes the relationship between individual ele the whole composition by which a sense of completeness is created that all parts belong together
2. This concept comes from the gestalt theory of visual Perception and psychology
3. The three most well known concepts of this theory are:
   1) Closure Idea that brain tends to fill in the missing information when it perceives an object is missing some of its pieces
   2) continuance It is the idea that once you begin looking in one direction you’ll continue to do so until something more significant catches your attention
   3) Similarity, proximity and alignment Idea that elements of similar size shape and colour tend to be grouped together by the brain

Question 20

Design thinking

Answer 20

1. Design thinking is a user centred approach to encourage dev of innovation in product and service design
2. It involves understanding user requirements brainstorming innovative solutions prototyping and iterative testing
3. It helps the designers create solutions that are both practical and effective
4. It also helps in reducing risks and costs increasing agility, And flexibility

Question 21

Phases of design thinking

Answer 21

1. Empathizing
2. defining the problem
3. ideation
4. prototyping
5. testing

–An entrepreneur should understand the problem through the users perspective with empathy the information and define the problem
–work on the design for innovation and bring the solution develop a prototype for feedback test the prototype to understand the potential and limitations for the further modifications