(1) Introducing Psychological Science

Question 1

Psychology is Visceral

Answer 1

We feel emotions, take in sensations and produce behaviours such as thoughts and actions

Question 2

Psychology

Answer 2

The scientific study of behaviour, thought, and experience and how they can be affected by physical, mental, social, and environmental factors

Question 3

Biological

Answer 3

Of or relating to biology or to life and living processes

Question 4

Sociocultural

Answer 4

How individual’s behaviours are affected by surrounding social and cultural factors

Question 5

Cognitive

Answer 5

Of, relating to, being, or involving conscious intellectual activity (such as thinking, reasoning, or remembering)

Question 6

Scientific Method

Answer 6

A way of learning about the social world through collecting observations, developing theories to explain them, and using the theories to make predictions

Question 7

Hypothesis

Answer 7

A testable prediction about processes that can be observed and measured (explanation made on limited evidence for investigation)

Question 8

Falsifiable

Answer 8

The hypothesis is precise enough that it could be proven false (able to be proven false)

Question 9

Pseudoscience

Answer 9

An idea that is presented as a science but does not actually utilize basic principles of scientific thinking or procedure

Question 10

Theory

Answer 10

An explanation for a broad range of observations that also generates new hypotheses and integrates numerous findings into a coherent whole

Question 11

Biopsychosocial Model

Answer 11

A means of explaining behaviour as a product of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

Question 12

Scientific Literacy

Answer 12

The ability to understand, analyze, and apply scientific information

Question 13

Critical Thinking

Answer 13

Involves exercising curiosity and skepticism when evaluating the claims of others, and with our own assumptions and beliefs

Question 14

Empiricism

Answer 14

A philosophical tenet that knowledge comes through experience

Question 15

Determinism

Answer 15

the belief that all events are governed by lawful, cause-and-effect relationships

Question 16

Zeitgeist

Answer 16

a general set of beliefs of a particular culture at a specific time in history

Question 17

Dualism

Answer 17

The idea that there are properties of humans that are not material (There is a mind our soul separate from the body)

Question 18

Materialism

Answer 18

The belief that humans, and other living beings, are composed exclusively of physical matter

Question 19

Psychophysics

Answer 19

the field of study that explores how physical energy such as light and sound and their intensity relate to psychological experience

Question 20

Clinical Psychology

Answer 20

The field of psychology that concentrates on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

Question 21

Localization of Brain Function

Answer 21

The idea that certain parts of the brain control specific mental abilities and personality characteristics

Question 22

Psychoanalysis

Answer 22

a psychological approach that attempts to explain how behaviour and personality are influenced by unconscious processes

Question 23

Nature and nurture relationships

Answer 23

The inquiry into how heredity (nature) and environment (nuture) influence behaviour and mental processes

Question 24

Structuralism

Answer 24

an attempt to analyze conscious experience by breaking it down into basic elements and how these elements work together

Question 25

Functionalism

Answer 25

The study of the purpose and function of behaviour and conscious experience

Question 26

Behaviourism

Answer 26

first half of 20th-century approach focused on studying observable behaviour, with little to no reference to mental events or instincts as possible influences on behaviour

Question 27

Social Psychology

Answer 27

The study of the influence of other people on our behaviour

Question 28

Personality Psychology

Answer 28

The study of how different personality charactersitcs can influence how we think and act

Question 29

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 29

An approach emphasizing that psychologists need to focus on the whole of perception and experience, rather than its parts

Question 30

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 30

a modern psychological perspective that focuses on processes such as memory, thinking, and language

Question 31

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 31

Focuses on the unique aspects of each individual human, each person’s freedom to act, their rational thought, and the belief that humans are fundamentally different from other animals

Question 32

Intergenerational Trauma

Answer 32

The transmission of the negative social and emotional consequences of oppression from one gerneastion to the next