1. Intro to body function

Question 1

How do animals interact w the environment? (DAE)

Answer 1

1. Detect and respond to environmental change
2. Absorb nutrients and oxygen from the environment
3. Excrete carbon dioxide and other wastes into the environment

Question 2

How do animals regulate internal processes? (DM)

Answer 2

1. Distribution of nutrients and oxygen to cells
2. Monitoring and regulation of internal fluids.

Question 3

All processes are governed by _______and ________laws

Answer 3

chemical; physical

Question 4

What are three human specializations in body function?

Answer 4

thermoregulation, endothermy, homeostasis

Question 5

Maintenance of the temperature, volume, and composition of body fluids

Answer 5

homeostasis

Question 6

All internal body fluid. What percentage of the body weight does this make up? Abbreviation?

Answer 6

Total body H2O; 60%; TBW

Question 7

fluid inside the cells. What part of the TBW does this make up? Abbreviation?

Answer 7

intracellular fluid; 2/3 of TBW; ICF

Question 8

All fluid outside the cells; plasma + ISF; What part of the TBW does this make up? Abbreviation?

Answer 8

Extracellular fluid; 1/3 of TBW; ECF

Question 9

ECF within the cardiovascular system; fluid portion of blood

Answer 9

plasma

Question 10

what is plasma made up of?

Answer 10

mostly H2O (93%) + plasma proteins (7%)

Question 11

what is blood made up of?

Answer 11

plasma (55% of blood vol) + blood cells (45% hematocrit)

Question 12

the percentage by volume of red cells in your blood

Answer 12

hematocrit

Question 13

ECF outside the cardiovascular system

Answer 13

Interstitial fluid ISF

Question 14

What percentages of body weight are the following: TBW, ICF, and ECF?

Answer 14

60-40-20

Question 15

What percentages of ECF are plasma and ISF?

Answer 15

33%

Question 16

What percentages of blood are plasma and blood cells?

Answer 16

plasma= 55% blood cells= 45%

Question 17

What percentages of plasma volume are plasma proteins and plasma water?

Answer 17

plasma proteins = 7% H2O = 93%

Question 18

A measure of total solute concentration

Answer 18

osmolarity/ osmotic concentration

Question 19

What units is osmolarity measured in?

Answer 19

osmoles per liter (Osm/L)

Question 20

one osmole is equal to ___ _______ of solute particles

Answer 20

1 mole

Question 21

All body fluids have an osmolarity of (include units)

Answer 21

290 mOsm/L

Question 22

2 solutions w same osmolarity

Answer 22

isosmotic

Question 23

solutions w higher osmolarity

Answer 23

hyperosmotic

Question 24

solution w lower osmolarity

Answer 24

hyposmotic

Question 25

Solutions with the _______ osmolarity can have ________compositions.

Answer 25

same; different

Question 26

How does the composition of plasma and ISF differ, and why do they differ?

Answer 26

1. similar composition, but plasma has plasma proteins and ISF does not. 2. Different because capillary wall acts as a barrier to keep plasma proteins from moving to ISF

Question 27

The composition of ECF and ICF are very different. What produces this difference?

Answer 27

Because of plasma membrane properties, such as a semipermeable membrane (proteins regulate movement)

Question 28

regulate H2O movement across membranes; determine a solution's osmotic pressure

Answer 28

osmotically active solute

Question 29

The __________of osmotically active solutes can vary.

Answer 29

permeability

Question 30

drives water movement between two compartments separated by a water-permeable membrane

Answer 30

osmotic pressure

Question 31

If two solutions have the same osmotic pressure,

Answer 31

there is no osmosis

Question 32

What happens when two solutions have different osmotic pressures? Why?

Answer 32

water moves into the solution w higher osmotic pressure; solution w higher pressure "pulls" water into it

Question 33

Osmotic pressure depends on the __________of a solution and on the _________ _________of its osmotically active solutes

Answer 33

osmolarity; relative permeabilities

Question 34

Two solutions with the same osmolarity do not necessarily have the same ________ __________

Answer 34

osmotic pressure

Question 35

the ability of a solution to change cell volume. This ability is related to the solution’s osmotic pressure.

Answer 35

tonicity

Question 36

What happens to cell volume when placed in an isotonic solution?

Answer 36

no change

Question 37

What happens to cell volume when placed in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 37

cell vol decreases; cell loses water to solution

Question 38

What happens to cell volume when placed in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 38

cell volume increases; gains water from solution

Question 39

What happens in ECF and ICF volumes and osmolarities in response to water deprivation or to high sodium chloride intake?

Answer 39

volume decreases, osmolarity increases. draws water from ICF to ECF until pressure of both compartments is the same.