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Animal Phys > 1. Intro to body function > Flashcards

1. Intro to body function Flashcards

1
Q

How do animals interact w the environment? (DAE)

A
  1. Detect and respond to environmental change
  2. Absorb nutrients and oxygen from the environment
  3. Excrete carbon dioxide and other wastes into the environment
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2
Q

How do animals regulate internal processes? (DM)

A
  1. Distribution of nutrients and oxygen to cells
  2. Monitoring and regulation of internal fluids.
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3
Q

All processes are governed by _______and ________laws

A

chemical; physical

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4
Q

What are three human specializations in body function?

A

thermoregulation, endothermy, homeostasis

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5
Q

Maintenance of the temperature, volume, and composition of body fluids

A

homeostasis

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6
Q

All internal body fluid. What percentage of the body weight does this make up? Abbreviation?

A

Total body H2O; 60%; TBW

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7
Q

fluid inside the cells. What part of the TBW does this make up? Abbreviation?

A

intracellular fluid; 2/3 of TBW; ICF

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8
Q

All fluid outside the cells; plasma + ISF; What part of the TBW does this make up? Abbreviation?

A

Extracellular fluid; 1/3 of TBW; ECF

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9
Q

ECF within the cardiovascular system; fluid portion of blood

A

plasma

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10
Q

what is plasma made up of?

A

mostly H2O (93%) + plasma proteins (7%)

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11
Q

what is blood made up of?

A

plasma (55% of blood vol) + blood cells (45% hematocrit)

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12
Q

the percentage by volume of red cells in your blood

A

hematocrit

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13
Q

ECF outside the cardiovascular system

A

Interstitial fluid ISF

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14
Q

What percentages of body weight are the following: TBW, ICF, and ECF?

A

60-40-20

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15
Q

What percentages of ECF are plasma and ISF?

A

33%

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16
Q

What percentages of blood are plasma and blood cells?

A

plasma= 55% blood cells= 45%

17
Q

What percentages of plasma volume are plasma proteins and plasma water?

A

plasma proteins = 7% H2O = 93%

18
Q

A measure of total solute concentration

A

osmolarity/ osmotic concentration

19
Q

What units is osmolarity measured in?

A

osmoles per liter (Osm/L)

20
Q

one osmole is equal to ___ _______ of solute particles

A

1 mole

21
Q

All body fluids have an osmolarity of (include units)

A

290 mOsm/L

22
Q

2 solutions w same osmolarity

A

isosmotic

23
Q

solutions w higher osmolarity

A

hyperosmotic

24
Q

solution w lower osmolarity

A

hyposmotic

25
Q

Solutions with the _______ osmolarity can have ________compositions.

A

same; different

26
Q

How does the composition of plasma and ISF differ, and why do they differ?

A
  1. similar composition, but plasma has plasma proteins and ISF does not.
  2. Different because capillary wall acts as a barrier to keep plasma proteins from moving to ISF
27
Q

The composition of ECF and ICF are very different. What produces this difference?

A

Because of plasma membrane properties, such as
a semipermeable membrane (proteins regulate movement)

28
Q

regulate H2O movement across membranes; determine a solution’s osmotic pressure

A

osmotically active solute

29
Q

The __________of osmotically active solutes can vary.

A

permeability

30
Q

drives water movement between two compartments separated by a water-permeable membrane

A

osmotic pressure

31
Q

If two solutions have the same osmotic pressure,

A

there is no osmosis

32
Q

What happens when two solutions have different osmotic pressures? Why?

A

water moves into the solution w higher osmotic pressure; solution w higher pressure “pulls” water into it

33
Q

Osmotic pressure depends on the __________of a solution and on the _________ _________of its osmotically active solutes

A

osmolarity; relative permeabilities

34
Q

Two solutions with the same osmolarity do not necessarily have the same ________ __________

A

osmotic pressure

35
Q

the ability of a solution to change cell volume. This ability is related to the solution’s osmotic pressure.

A

tonicity

36
Q

What happens to cell volume when placed in an isotonic solution?

A

no change

37
Q

What happens to cell volume when placed in a hypertonic solution?

A

cell vol decreases; cell loses water to solution

38
Q

What happens to cell volume when placed in a hypotonic solution?

A

cell volume increases; gains water from solution

39
Q

What happens in ECF and ICF volumes and osmolarities in response to water deprivation or to high sodium chloride intake?

A

volume decreases, osmolarity increases.
draws water from ICF to ECF until pressure of both compartments is the same.

Animal Phys (16 decks)

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