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PS1060 - Intro to Biological Psychology > 1. Intro to Biological Psychology > Flashcards

1. Intro to Biological Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

How does Breedlove et al. (2010) define Biological Psychology?

A

‘The field that relates behaviour to bodily processes, especially the workings of the brain’

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2
Q

What are the 5 viewpoints to explore behaviour?

A
  1. Describing behaviour
  2. Studying the evolution of behaviour
  3. Development of behaviour over life span
  4. Studying the biological mechanisms of behaviour
  5. Studying the applications of biological psychology
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3
Q

What are the 4 levels of analysis?

A
  1. Social interaction (brain responses)
  2. Gross anatomy of the brain
  3. Single neutron activity
  4. Molecular properties
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4
Q

What are amino acids?

A

Small molecules based around a carbon chain with an amino group and a carboxyl group

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5
Q

Define Chromosome

A

the DNA molecule that is packaged into thread-like structures

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6
Q

Define DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

Molecule composed of 2 chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for development, functioning and of all organisms

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7
Q

What are eukaryotes?

A

Internal membrane-bound structures

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8
Q

Define hydrophilic

A

Molecules interacting with the water molecule

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9
Q

Define hydrophobic

A

Literally means ‘the fear of water’

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10
Q

What is mRNA and what does it do?

A

Messenger RNA - codes for proteins

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11
Q

What are prokaryotes?

A

No internal-bound structures

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12
Q

What are proteins?

A

Large complex molecules composed of amino acids

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13
Q

What is rRNA?

A

Ribosomal RNA - forms part of the ribosome

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14
Q

What is transcription?

A

The process of transferring info in DNA to an mRNA molecule. DNA of a gene serves as a template for complementary base pairing, and an enzyme called RNA polymerase

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15
Q

What is translation?

A

Process in which the mRNA is ‘read’ according to the genetic code, which relates the DNA sequence to the amino acid sequence in proteins

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16
Q

What is tRNA and what does it do?

A

Transfer RNA - it transports amino acids to the ribosome

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17
Q

What are the two types of neurone?

A

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

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18
Q

Where does DNA sit in the neurone?

A

Inside the nucleus of the cell, protected by the membrane

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19
Q

What is Mitochondrion important for?

A

The energy and survival of the cell

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20
Q

What is plasma membrane?

A

The boundary between the cell and its environment

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21
Q

What does plasma membrane maintain?

A

Homeostasis

22
Q

What does plasma membrane allow to leave and enter from the cell?

A

Allows waste to leave and nutrients to enter

23
Q

What level of permeability does the plasma membrane have?

A

Selective permeability

24
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

A very watery solution

25
Q

Describe the sandwich model for cytoplasm

A

Phospholipid bilayer keeps the cell interior and cell exterior separate
Fatty cells are hydrophobic so they stay inside
Phosphate heads are hydrophilic
Together they create a membrane

26
Q

What is the name of the model for cytoplasm?

A

The Sandwich model

27
Q

What is the name of the layer that keeps the cell interior and exterior separate?

A

The Phospholipid bilayer

28
Q

Fatty cells are hydro___

A

hydrophobic

29
Q

Phosphate heads are hydro___

A

hydrophilic

30
Q

What does the nucleus give directions for?

A

The making of proteins

31
Q

The master set of directions (for making proteins) in the nucleus, is in what?

A

Chromatin

32
Q

During cell division, chromatin condenses to form ____

A

Chromosomes

33
Q

Where is the nucleolus?

A

Inside the nucleus

34
Q

What is the purpose of the nucleolus?

A

To make ribosomes

35
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Where proteins are made, according to the instructions from DNA

36
Q

Proteins are synthesised from how many different amino acids?

A

20

37
Q

Where is the correct sequence of amino acids contained?

A

In DNA in the nucleus

38
Q

Which group defines what type of amino acid you have?

A

The variable group

39
Q

DNA controls organisms through the production of what?

A

Through the production of proteins

40
Q

What are proteins responsible for?

A

All functions of life

41
Q

The DNA of each gene carries the chemical code that tells the cell what?

A

The correct sequence of amino acids required to produce the protein that that gene codes

42
Q

What are the 4 ‘bases’ in DNA?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine

43
Q

The precise sequence of triplets of bases provides the code for what?

A

For each amino acid in the protein the gene codes for

44
Q

RNA is what type of acid?

A

Nucleic acid

45
Q

What are the 3 differences between RNA and DNA?

A
  1. RNA is single stranded
  2. The sugar in RNA is Ribose instead of Deoxyribose
  3. RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine
46
Q

Describe how mRNA codes for proteins

A

It carries the genetic information from DNA in the form of a series of three-base code ‘words’

47
Q

Describe how rRNA forms part of the ribosome

A

It associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes - a machine involved in translation of RNA into proteins

48
Q

Describe how tRNA transports amino acids to the ribosomes

A

Brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein translation deciphering the code in mRNA

49
Q

The information in DNA is transferred to a mRNA molecule by way of process called…

A

Transcription

50
Q

DNA of a gene serves as a template for what?

A

Complementary base-pairing & an enzyme called RNApolymerase

51
Q

mRNA is ‘read’ according to the genetic code, which releases the DNA sequence to the amino acid sequence in proteins, through a process called…

A

Translation

52
Q

A complete DNA molecule is called what?

A

A chromosome

PS1060 - Intro to Biological Psychology (10 decks)

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