1 Cytokine Messengers (2 hours) Flashcards
What stimulates T-cell progenitors?
IL-7
What causes Th1 differentiation?
IFN-gamma, IL-12
What does IL-4 do?
Differentiates Th2
What differentiates Th17?
TGFb, IL-6, IL-23
What does Th1 produce?
IFN-gamma
What does Th1 target?
Macrophages
What is Th1 role in host defense?
Intracellular pathogens
What is Th1 role in disease;?
Autoimmunity and chronic inflammation
What is secreted by Th2?
IL-4, 5, 13
What is secreted by Th17?
IL-17A, F, 22
What is the target of Th2?
Eosinophils
What is the target of Th17?
Neutrophils
What is the role of Th2?
Parasites (helminths)
What is the role in defense of Th17?
Extracellular pathogens
What is the role of Th2 in disease?
Allergies
What is the role of Th17 in disease?
Autoimmunity
IL-2 is what kind of signaling?
Autocrine
What does IL-2 bind to? And where is this found?
Binds to CD25 (IL-2R), naive T cells
What causes CD25 to switch to the high affinity state?
Binding of IL-2 induces expression of alpha chain of receptor and increases affinity
What inhibits Th2 responses? Th1?
Th1, Th2
What binds from helper T cells to activated B cells?
CD40 ligand on T cell and and CD40 on B cell
Classically activated macrophages primarily function in
Phagocytosis and killing of many bacteria and fungi
Alternatively activated macrophages have what properties?
Anti-inflammatory effects, wound repair, fibrosis
What cell was first described in MS, IBD, and RA?
Th17
What are the two causes of leprosy?
Leishmania major (protozoal parasite) and mycobacteria leprae (bacterium)
What Th responds to tuberculoid leprosy? Lepromatous?
Th1, Th2
What are the T cell levels between lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy?
Tuberculoid shows normal T cell response; lepromatous has low or absent T cell response
Why do you find leprosy in extremities?
It likes to grow at 86 F
Dominant Th2 or deficient Th1 response leads to what kind of leprosy?
Lepromatous
Th1 response leads to what kind of leprosy?
Tuberculoid
Which form of leprosy has hypergammaglobulinemia?
Lepromatous (tuberculoid has no effect)
What does lepromatous leprosy have increased risk of asthma?
They have elevated IL-4 and IL-5 which activated mast cells and eosinophils
What is always impaired in SCID?
T cell function
What nuclear transcription factor does IFNg and IL-12 activate
T-bet to make Th1
What nuclear TF does IL-4 activate?
GATA-3 to make Th2
What nuclear TF does TGFb, IL6, and IL-23 activated
RORgT to make Th17 cells
