1 Cytokine Messengers (2 hours)

Question 1

What stimulates T-cell progenitors?

Answer 1

IL-7

Question 2

What causes Th1 differentiation?

Answer 2

IFN-gamma, IL-12

Question 3

What does IL-4 do?

Answer 3

Differentiates Th2

Question 4

What differentiates Th17?

Answer 4

TGFb, IL-6, IL-23

Question 5

What does Th1 produce?

Answer 5

IFN-gamma

Question 6

What does Th1 target?

Answer 6

Macrophages

Question 7

What is Th1 role in host defense?

Answer 7

Intracellular pathogens

Question 8

What is Th1 role in disease;?

Answer 8

Autoimmunity and chronic inflammation

Question 9

What is secreted by Th2?

Answer 9

IL-4, 5, 13

Question 10

What is secreted by Th17?

Answer 10

IL-17A, F, 22

Question 11

What is the target of Th2?

Answer 11

Eosinophils

Question 12

What is the target of Th17?

Answer 12

Neutrophils

Question 13

What is the role of Th2?

Answer 13

Parasites (helminths)

Question 14

What is the role in defense of Th17?

Answer 14

Extracellular pathogens

Question 15

What is the role of Th2 in disease?

Answer 15

Allergies

Question 16

What is the role of Th17 in disease?

Answer 16

Autoimmunity

Question 17

IL-2 is what kind of signaling?

Answer 17

Autocrine

Question 18

What does IL-2 bind to? And where is this found?

Answer 18

Binds to CD25 (IL-2R), naive T cells

Question 19

What causes CD25 to switch to the high affinity state?

Answer 19

Binding of IL-2 induces expression of alpha chain of receptor and increases affinity

Question 20

What inhibits Th2 responses? Th1?

Answer 20

Th1, Th2

Question 21

What binds from helper T cells to activated B cells?

Answer 21

CD40 ligand on T cell and and CD40 on B cell

Question 22

Classically activated macrophages primarily function in

Answer 22

Phagocytosis and killing of many bacteria and fungi

Question 23

Alternatively activated macrophages have what properties?

Answer 23

Anti-inflammatory effects, wound repair, fibrosis

Question 24

What cell was first described in MS, IBD, and RA?

Answer 24

Th17

Question 25

What are the two causes of leprosy?

Answer 25

Leishmania major (protozoal parasite) and mycobacteria leprae (bacterium)

Question 26

What Th responds to tuberculoid leprosy? Lepromatous?

Answer 26

Th1, Th2

Question 27

What are the T cell levels between lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy?

Answer 27

Tuberculoid shows normal T cell response; lepromatous has low or absent T cell response

Question 28

Why do you find leprosy in extremities?

Answer 28

It likes to grow at 86 F

Question 29

Dominant Th2 or deficient Th1 response leads to what kind of leprosy?

Answer 29

Lepromatous

Question 30

Th1 response leads to what kind of leprosy?

Answer 30

Tuberculoid

Question 31

Which form of leprosy has hypergammaglobulinemia?

Answer 31

Lepromatous (tuberculoid has no effect)

Question 32

What does lepromatous leprosy have increased risk of asthma?

Answer 32

They have elevated IL-4 and IL-5 which activated mast cells and eosinophils

Question 33

What is always impaired in SCID?

Answer 33

T cell function

Question 34

What nuclear transcription factor does IFNg and IL-12 activate

Answer 34

T-bet to make Th1

Question 35

What nuclear TF does IL-4 activate?

Answer 35

GATA-3 to make Th2

Question 36

What nuclear TF does TGFb, IL6, and IL-23 activated

Answer 36

RORgT to make Th17 cells