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Biology > 1 Cell Structures & Processes > Flashcards

1 Cell Structures & Processes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are all living organisms made up of?

A

Cells

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2
Q

What are the two different types of cell?

A

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

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3
Q

Where are eukaryotic cells found?

A

Plants
Animal
Fungi
Protists

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4
Q

What are protists?

A

Single celled organisms that don’t fit any other category

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5
Q

How big are eukaryotic cells?

A

10- 100 micrometers

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6
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

An organism made up of eukaryotic cells

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7
Q

Ho big are prokaryotic cells?

A

0.1 - 5.0 micrometers

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8
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

An organism made up of prokaryotic cells

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9
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

Bacteria

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10
Q

What are the key features of a prokaryotic cell?

A
  • No mitochondria or chloroplasts
  • plasmids
  • single DNA loop
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11
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Small rings of DNA

- can replicate & move between cells, sharing genetic information

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12
Q

What do prokaryotic cells have instead of a nucleus?

A

A single DNA loop

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13
Q

Where is the single DNA loop stored?

A

In cytoplasm

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14
Q

What do eukaryotic cells contain?

A
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus
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15
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A
  • separates interior of cell from environment outside

- selectively permeable

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16
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A
  • jelly like fluid

- most cell chemical reactions take place

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17
Q

What is the nucleus?

A
  • control centre

- contains genetic material (form of chromosomes)

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18
Q

What does selectively permeable?

A

Can control which substances move through it

19
Q

What is genetic material?

A

Material containing information stored in DNA

20
Q

What are sub-cellular structures?

A

Things found in a cell

21
Q

What are an animal cell’s sub cellar structures?

A 
Cell membrane 
Nucleus 
Ribosomes 
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
22
Q

What are ribosomes responsible for?

A

Synthesising proteins

23
Q

What are mitochondria responsible for?

A

Aerobic respiration

Releases energy in the mitochondria

24
Q

What additional sub-cellular structures do plant cells have?

A

Permanent vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell wall

25
Q

What is a permanent vacuole?

A
  • Fluid-filled sac hat stored water
  • enclosed in a membrane
  • can take as much as 90% of cells volume
26
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

Contain chlorophyll, needed for photosynthesis

27
Q

What is the cell wall?

A
  • surrounds cell
  • made of cellulose
  • increases structural strength of cell
28
Q

What are the sub-cellular structures in bacteria cells?

A
  • Cell wall and cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • flagella
  • Ribosomes
  • plasmids
29
Q

What are bacterial cell walls for?

A

Provide structure

30
Q

What is a flagella for?

A

Whip- like structures used for movement

31
Q

What are the two things that matter most what using microscopes?

A

Magnification and resolution

32
Q

What is magnification?

A

How many times larger an image seen through a microscope is compared to the real object.

33
Q

What is resolution?

A

ability to distinguish between two or more objects that are close together.

34
Q

What is a light microscope?

A

Passes light through a specimen

Creates magnified image using lenses

35
Q

What was the first light microscope made?

A

Late 16th century

36
Q

What discoveries were made using a light microscope?

A
  • bacteria seen for fist time
  • tell plant and animal cells apart
  • could not see sub-cellular structures apart
37
Q

What is an electron microscope?

A

Electrons passed through specimen instead of light

38
Q

When was the electron microscope fist used?

A

1933

39
Q

How far can electron microscopes resolve distances?

A

1nm

Magnifications of x500,000

40
Q

What discoveries were made using electron microscope?

A
  • sub-cellular structures more clearly

- study mitochondria, chloroplasts and ribosomes, how they function

41
Q

Why is a stain used when using a light microscope?

A

give contrast to the features of the cells, to make them visible.

42
Q

What is the name of the lens with the lowest magnification that we use to initially focus on a sample?

A

Objective

43
Q

why is a coverslip used on a microscope slide?

A
  • protects microscopes objective lens from specimen

- created an even thickness for viewing.

Biology (9 decks)

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