1 Cell Structures & Processes

Question 1

What are all living organisms made up of?

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

What are the two different types of cell?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

Question 3

Where are eukaryotic cells found?

Answer 3

Plants
Animal
Fungi
Protists

Question 4

What are protists?

Answer 4

Single celled organisms that don’t fit any other category

Question 5

How big are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

10- 100 micrometers

Question 6

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 6

An organism made up of eukaryotic cells

Question 7

Ho big are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 7

0.1 - 5.0 micrometers

Question 8

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 8

An organism made up of prokaryotic cells

Question 9

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 9

Bacteria

Question 10

What are the key features of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 10

• No mitochondria or chloroplasts
• plasmids
• single DNA loop

Question 11

What are plasmids?

Answer 11

Small rings of DNA

- can replicate & move between cells, sharing genetic information

Question 12

What do prokaryotic cells have instead of a nucleus?

Answer 12

A single DNA loop

Question 13

Where is the single DNA loop stored?

Answer 13

In cytoplasm

Question 14

What do eukaryotic cells contain?

Answer 14

• cell membrane
• cytoplasm
• nucleus

Question 15

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 15

• separates interior of cell from environment outside

- selectively permeable

Question 16

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 16

• jelly like fluid

- most cell chemical reactions take place

Question 17

What is the nucleus?

Answer 17

• control centre

- contains genetic material (form of chromosomes)

Question 18

What does selectively permeable?

Answer 18

Can control which substances move through it

Question 19

What is genetic material?

Answer 19

Material containing information stored in DNA

Question 20

What are sub-cellular structures?

Answer 20

Things found in a cell

Question 21

What are an animal cell’s sub cellar structures?

Answer 21

Cell membrane 
Nucleus 
Ribosomes 
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm

Question 22

What are ribosomes responsible for?

Answer 22

Synthesising proteins

Question 23

What are mitochondria responsible for?

Answer 23

Aerobic respiration

Releases energy in the mitochondria

Question 24

What additional sub-cellular structures do plant cells have?

Answer 24

Permanent vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell wall

Question 25

What is a permanent vacuole?

Answer 25

- Fluid-filled sac hat stored water - enclosed in a membrane - can take as much as 90% of cells volume

Question 26

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 26

Contain chlorophyll, needed for photosynthesis

Question 27

What is the cell wall?

Answer 27

- surrounds cell - made of cellulose - increases structural strength of cell

Question 28

What are the sub-cellular structures in bacteria cells?

Answer 28

- Cell wall and cell membrane - cytoplasm - flagella - Ribosomes - plasmids

Question 29

What are bacterial cell walls for?

Answer 29

Provide structure

Question 30

What is a flagella for?

Answer 30

Whip- like structures used for movement

Question 31

What are the two things that matter most what using microscopes?

Answer 31

Magnification and resolution

Question 32

What is magnification?

Answer 32

How many times larger an image seen through a microscope is compared to the real object.

Question 33

What is resolution?

Answer 33

ability to distinguish between two or more objects that are close together.

Question 34

What is a light microscope?

Answer 34

Passes light through a specimen | Creates magnified image using lenses

Question 35

What was the first light microscope made?

Answer 35

Late 16th century

Question 36

What discoveries were made using a light microscope?

Answer 36

- bacteria seen for fist time - tell plant and animal cells apart - could not see sub-cellular structures apart

Question 37

What is an electron microscope?

Answer 37

Electrons passed through specimen instead of light

Question 38

When was the electron microscope fist used?

Answer 38

1933

Question 39

How far can electron microscopes resolve distances?

Answer 39

1nm | Magnifications of x500,000

Question 40

What discoveries were made using electron microscope?

Answer 40

- sub-cellular structures more clearly | - study mitochondria, chloroplasts and ribosomes, how they function

Question 41

Why is a stain used when using a light microscope?

Answer 41

give contrast to the features of the cells, to make them visible.

Question 42

What is the name of the lens with the lowest magnification that we use to initially focus on a sample?

Answer 42

Objective

Question 43

why is a coverslip used on a microscope slide?

Answer 43

- protects microscopes objective lens from specimen | - created an even thickness for viewing.