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Direct/Cariology > 1. Amalgam > Flashcards

1. Amalgam Flashcards

1
Q

What is an alloy

A

A metal made by combining two or more metals together (can also mix in non-metals as well)

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2
Q

Alloys tends to have more advantageous properties such as….

A

greater strength and resistance to corrosion

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3
Q

(T/F) Dental amalgam is not an alloy

A

F-it is

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4
Q

What are the components that make up the alloy for the dental amalgam

A
  • silver
  • tin
  • copper
  • (sometimes zinc/palladium)
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5
Q

The alloy is mixed with _ to form dental amalgam

A

mercury

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6
Q

What are the three types of dental amalgam alloys

A
  • conventional lathe- cut alloy
  • spherical alloys
  • admix alloys (mixture of lathe-cut and spherical particles)
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7
Q

Conventional lathe-cut amalgam particles are _ shaped

A

irregular

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8
Q

spherical alloys require (more/less) mercury. This is a (good/bad) thing because…

A

less… good… Amalgams with lower Hg content have better properties

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9
Q

Why do spherical alloys require less mercury compared to conventional lathe-cut

A

because the particles have a smaller surface area/volume ratio.

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10
Q

Spherical alloy particles tend to be more (buttery/brittle) due to the lower conc. of mercury

A

buttery (or plastic)

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11
Q

The most common type of alloy used today is

A

Admix alloy

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12
Q

(T/F) Admix alloy requires considerable force when condensing

A

t

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13
Q

An admix alloy is stronger after a (little/lot) of time passes

A

a lot

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14
Q

An admix alloy can be polished after how long post-setting

A

24 hours

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15
Q

The main component of dental amalgam is what element?

A

Silver (70%)

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16
Q

Silver serves to increase the __ of dental amalgam

A

strength

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17
Q

The next component of dental amalgam that is most abundant next to silver is

A

tin (16%)

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18
Q

Tin is involved in lowering the _ of dental amalgam

A

expansion

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19
Q

The metal that has the 3rd highest % composition in dental amalgam is…

A

Copper (~13%)

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20
Q

The two main roles of copper in dental amalgam is to decrease _ and _

A

creep and corrosion

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21
Q

The 4th and final element in dental amalgam with the lowest %composition is

A

zinc (

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22
Q

The roles of zinc in the alloy is to…

A
  • decrease the formation of oxides during melting*

- Increases the wettability of the particles (increased plasticity) –> stronger margins

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23
Q

Having inc in dental amalgam makes the material more prone to…which leads to….

A

moisture contamination…delayed expansion

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24
Q

Silver and tin are (plastic/brittle) adding copper to the mix makes the material more (plastic/brittle)

A

brittle…plastic

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25
Q

High copper alloys are also called (2 names)

A

phase-diapered alloy and admixed high-copper alloy

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26
Q

A high copper amalgam must have between -% Cu in it to be considered high copper

A

9-30%

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27
Q

High copper amalgams have (better/worse) strength compared to conventional amalgam

A

better

28
Q

Why is there better marginal integrity and decreased marginal breakdown for high copper amalgams

A

because they eliminate the gamma 2 phase

29
Q

Gamma phase is a reaction product of…

A

unreacted tin and silver

30
Q

Gamma 1 phase is a reaction product of…

A

silver and mercury

31
Q

Gamma 2 phase is a reaction product of

A

tin and mercury

32
Q

Rank the 3 gamma phases in order of increasing strength

A

gamma2-gamma1-gamma

33
Q

The gamma phase most susceptible to corrosion is…

A

gamma 2

34
Q

What is amalgamation

A

the process of mixing liquid mercury with alloys

35
Q

What are the two different techniques used by dentists to amalgamate amalgam

A

triturator and mortar and pestle

36
Q

Define creep

A

time-dependent strain or deformation that is produced by a stress

37
Q

High copper amalgams (increase/decrease) creep

A

decrease

38
Q

Amalgams can undergo dimensional changes- amalgam can expand or contract- how can you minimize these changes

A

proper usage of alloy and mercury

39
Q

What types of dimensional changes are commonly seen in Zn-containing amalgams

A

delayed expansion

40
Q

what can be used in the alloy to reduce the amount of delayed expansion caused by moisture contamination in a Zn-containing amalgam

A

tin

41
Q

Amalgam shows (high/low) compressive strength, (high/low) tensile strength, and (high/low) shear strength

A

high…low…low

42
Q

What is tarnish

A

process which amalgam restoration surface is dulled or discolored due to the formation of oxide layers

43
Q

What is corrosion

A

Actual deterioration of a metal caused by the chemical reaction between the metal and its environment (air/water) forming metal compounds or corrosion products

44
Q

What is percolation

A

Influx of salivary flow into the microscopic gap between the restoration and the tooth (salivary fluids react with copper, tin, and silver)

45
Q

High copper amalgams show (slow/fast) rates of percolation because….

A

slow because they have less gamma 2 phase

46
Q

(T/F) Amalgam creates a deal dependent of the operator that is user friendly

A

F- independent of the operator*

47
Q

Know the table on the 2nd to last slide

A

ok

48
Q

Why are amalgam capsules sealed

A

to prevent evaporation of mercury

49
Q

Increasing the amount of tin the alloy will (increase/decrease) the amount of corrosion/tarnish

A

increase

50
Q

Increasing the amount of copper in the alloy will (increase/decrease) the amount of tarnish/corrosion

A

decrease

51
Q

Increasing the amount of silver will (increase/decrease) the strength of the amalgam

A

increase

52
Q

Increasing the amount of tin will (increase/decrease) the strength of the amalgam

A

decrease

53
Q

Increasing the amount of copper will (increase/decrease) the strength of the amalgam

A

increase

54
Q

Increasing the amount of silver will (increase/decrease) the setting expansion of the amalgam

A

increase

55
Q

Increasing the amount of tin will (increase/decrease) the strength of the amalgam

A

decrease

56
Q

Increasing the amount of copper will (increase/decrease) the strength of the amalgam

A

increase

57
Q

Increasing the amount of silver will (increase/decrease) the creep and flow

A

decrease

58
Q

Increasing the amount of tin will (increase/decrease) the creep and flow

A

increase

59
Q

Increasing the amount of copper will (increase/decrease) the creep and flow

A

decrease

60
Q

Increasing the amount of silver will (increase/decrease) the compressive strength

A

increase

61
Q

Increasing the amount of tin will (increase/decrease) the compressive strength

A

decrease

62
Q

Increasing the amount of copper will (increase/decrease) the compressive strength

A

increase

63
Q

Increasing the amount of mercury will (increase/decrease) the setting expansion

A

increase

64
Q

Increasing the amount of mercury will (increase/decrease) the compressive strength

A

decrease

65
Q

Increasing the amount of mercury will (increase/decrease) the flow

A

increase

66
Q

Increasing the amount of copper with (slow/fast) the rate of percolation… because

A

slow… because the marginal integrity increases in high copper amalgams

Direct/Cariology (20 decks)

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