1 4 Managing in a global environment Flashcards
Global environment
Set of global forces and conditions that operate beyond an organization’s boundaries but affect manager’s ability to acquire and utilize resources
Global organizations
An organization that operates and competes in more than one country
task environment
Set of forces and conditions that originate with suppliers, cust and competitors and affect an org ability to obtain input and dispose of its outputs cause they influence managers on a daily basis
general environment
wide ranging global, economic, technological, sociocultural, demographic, political and legal forces that affect an org and its task environment
suppliers
Individuals and organizations that provide an organizatiom with the input resources that it needs to produce goods and services
global outsourcing
The purchase of inputs from overseas suppliers or the production if inputs abroad to lower production costs and improve product quality or design
distributors
Organizations that help other organizations sell their goods or services to customers
customers
Individuals and groups that buythe goods and services that an organization produces
competitors
Organizations that produce goods and services that are similar to a particular organization’s goods and services
potential competitors
Organizatioms that presently are not in a task environment but could enter if they so choose
Barriers to entry
Factors that make it difficult and costly for an organization to enter a particular task environment or industry
economies of scale
Cost advantages associated with large operations
brand loyalty
Customer’s preference for the products of organizations currently existing in the task environment
Economic forces
Interest rates, inflation, unemployment, economic growth, and other factors that affect the general health and well being of a nation or the regional economy of an organization
technology
The combination of skills and equipment that managers use in the design, production, and distribution of goods and services
technological forces
Outcomes of changes in the technology that managers use to design, produce, or distribute goods and services
sociocultural forces
Pressures anatimg frim the social structure of a country or society ir from the national culture
social structure
The arrangement of relationships between individuals and groups in a society
national culture
The set of values that society considers important and the norms of behavior that are approved or sanctioned in that society
demographic forces
Outcomes of changes in, or changing attitudes toward, the characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, ethnic origin, race, sexual orientation, and social class
Political and legal forces
Outcomes of changes in laws and regulations, such as the deregulation of industries, the privatization of organizations, and the increased emphasis on environmental protection
globalization
The set of specific and general forces that work together to integrate and connect economic, political, and social systems across countries, cultures, or geographical regions so rhat nations become increasingly interdependent and similar
4 sifferent firms of capital that flow between countries
Human, financial, resource and political
values
Ideas about what society believes to be good, right, desirable, or beautiful
norms
Unwritten, informal codes of conduct that prescribe how people should act in particular situations and are considered important by most members of a group or organization
folkways
The routine social conventions of everyday life
mores
Norms that are considered to be central to the functioning of society and to social life
5 dimensions of Hofstede’s model of National Culture
Individualism vs Collectivism
Low power distance vs High power
Achievement orientation vs Nurturing orientation
low uncertainty avoidance va high uncertainty avoidance
short term orientation vs long term
