Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Diversity > 1-3: Intro, The First Animals, Metazoans > Flashcards

1-3: Intro, The First Animals, Metazoans Flashcards

1
Q

What is convergent evolution?

A

Same feature, different evolutionary origin eg. wings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is divergent evolution?

A

Where closely related species have differentiated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are ctenophores?

A

Comb jellies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Features of ctenophora

A

Radial rotational symmetry
A mouth and anus (unlike anemones)
Complex anatomy with nerves and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Example of a biomarker fossil

A

24-isoproyl: unique biomolecule found in desmosponges, found a lot in the Ediacaran

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 types of fossil

A

Biomarker and Body fossils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What era contains the best evidence for sponges, cnidaria and ctenophora?

A

Cambrian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Order of kingdom etc

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species- kangaroos punch children on family games show

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a homologous trait?

A

A trait derived from a common ancestor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an analogous trait?

A

Traits that looks similar, but have different evolutionary origins, eg wings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a character?

A

A feature inherited by an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a synapomorphy?

A

A shared/derived trait unique to a clade (group)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a pleisomorphy?

A

An inherited trait shared with ancestors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Example of a fabricational constraint

A

Biomaterials for limpit shells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Example of a functional constraint

A

O2 diffusion limiting insect body size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Branching Ediacaran biota examples

A

Vendobionta- thought to be like sea pens (cnidaria), but actually a different group
Show fractal growth
Another example is Bradgatia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Radial Ediacaran biota

A

Aspidella- probably hold-fasts or microbial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Possibly bilateral Ediacaran biota

A

Spriggina- an annelid/arthropod? Had glide symmetry, similar to Vendobionta
Kimberella- a cnidarian/ctenophore? Soft shell, radula, and mantle, so maybe mollusc?
Dickensonia- can see grazing movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

General features of Ediacaran biota

A 
Flat planes
Microbial mat surface
Mainly epibenthic
Almost all sessile,
Asexual reproduction
2D world
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are porifera?

A

Sponges

21
Q

Features of porifera

A

Different cell types; flagellated cells called choanocytes create water current through the sponge
Filter feed
No symmetry
No organs
Have spicules for strength- clades are based on the minerals in the spicules, give strength

22
Q

When was the Phanerozoic?

A

0-540 mya

23
Q

When was the Proterozoic?

A

540-2500 mya

24
Q

When was the Archean?

A

2500-4000 mya

25
Q

When was the Hadean?

A

4000-4600 mya

26
Q

Neontology Vs paleontology

A

Neon is living, paleo is dead

27
Q

What are phylogenetic constraints?

A

Basic body plans can’t just be completely changed, just modified

28
Q

What are cnidaria?

A

Jellyfish, anemones, corals

29
Q

Synapomorphy of cnidaria

A

Nematocysts (housed in cnidocyte cells)

30
Q

Features of cnidaria

A 
Nematocysts
Radial symmetry
Diploblastic (endoderm and ectoderm)
Have nerves and muscles
Can be motile or sessile
Medusa or polyp; similar life cycles but emphasis on different bits
31
Q

Taxonomy definition

A

Grouping based on shared characteristics

32
Q

What are systematics?

A

The study of evolutionary relationships

33
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

A characteristic that enhances survival and reproduction

34
Q

What is an exaptation?

A

A pre-adaptation- the feature has been co-opted for a new function

35
Q

What is an animal?

A 
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
No rigid cell wall
Motile
Consume other organisms
36
Q

What is paraphyly?

A

One group doesn’t belong (see pictures)

37
Q

What is polyphyly?

A

Different evolutionary origins (see picture)

38
Q

Placozoa features

A 
Only one species (Trichoplax)
1mm wide
Flat
Move by ciliated epithelium
Reproduce by asexual budding (weird for an animal)
Moved like Dickensonia?
39
Q

What is monophyly?

A

Share a single evolutionary origin (see picture)

40
Q

Phenetic species concept

A

Groups can resemble each other but are distinct- identical sibling species, eg. mosquitoes

41
Q

What do morphological/genomic studies say is the sister to all other animals?

A

Morphological: sponges, Genomic: ctenophora

42
Q

What is a sister taxon?

A

The closest relatives in the evolutionary tree

43
Q

In what era was first life?

A

Towards the end of the Hadean

44
Q

In what era did photosynthesis begin?

A

Early Archean

45
Q

When did earth become oxygen rich?

A

Early Proterozoic

46
Q

When was snowball earth?

A

Early Proterozoic

47
Q

When were the first vertebrates?

A

Mid Phanerozoic

48
Q

When were the dinosaurs?

A

Towards the end of the Phanerozoic

Animal Diversity (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions