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D1 Spring - Physiology > 1/23: Cell Membrane, Membrane Transport, and Membrane Potential IV > Flashcards

1/23: Cell Membrane, Membrane Transport, and Membrane Potential IV Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most abundant molecule in our body?

A

Water - accounting for 60% of body weight (in Kg)

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2
Q

The volume of water in the intracellular vs. extracellular spaces is ________

A

Unequal

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3
Q

The osmolarity of the extracellular and intracellular space is ________

A

Equal

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4
Q

What percent of the body is intracellular fluid?

A

40%
~2/3 total body water

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5
Q

What makes up the ECF?

A

Blood plasma
Interstitial fluid

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6
Q

What percent of the ECF is plasma and interstitial fluid?

A

Plasma - 5%
Interstitial fluid - 15%
~1/3 total body water

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7
Q

The total body water is how much percent of the body weight in kg?

A

60%

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8
Q

What percent of the 60% of body weight is ICF?

A

40% body weight
~2/3 total body water

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9
Q

What percent of the 60% body weight is ECF?

A

20% body weight
~1/3 total body water
15% - interstitial fluid (75% ECF)
5% - plasma (25% ECF)

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10
Q

What is the body water distribution in a 175 lb individual?

A
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11
Q

What are two types of active transport?

A
  1. Active transport with membrane proteins (most common)
  2. Bulk (vesicular) transport
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12
Q

How to active transporters work?

A

Transmembrane protein that moves ions and hydrophilic building blocks across the plasma membrane up a concentration (requires energy)

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13
Q

What three things is the classification of active transporters dependent on?

A
  1. Number of substances being transported
  2. Directions substances are transported
  3. Source of energy for transport
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14
Q

What are the three types of active transporters based on number and direction of movement?

A

Uniporter
Symporter/cotransporter
Antiporter/countertransporter

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15
Q

What is a uniporter?

A

Moves only one substance

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16
Q

What is a symporter/cotransporter?

A

Moves more than one substance in the same direction

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17
Q

What is an antiporter/countertransporter?

A

Moves more than one substance in different directions

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18
Q

What are two types of active transporters based on source of energy?

A
  1. Primary active
  2. Secondary active
19
Q

What is a primary active transport process?

A

Energy comes directly from breakdown of ATP

20
Q

What is a secondary active transport process?

A

Energy released from one substance moving down a gradient is used to pump a second substance up a gradient

21
Q

What is an example of a primary active transport (ATPase pump)?

A

Sodium potassium pump

22
Q

What are the functions of the sodium potassium pump?

A

Maintain Na and K concentration differences
Electrogenic - establishes negative membrane potential

23
Q

What is outside and inside the cell in a Na-K pump?

A

Sodium outside
Potassium inside

24
Q

What are other examples of primary active transport?

A

Calcium pump
Hydrogen pump

25
Q

What are types of secondary active transport?

A

a. Cotransporters (symporters)
b. Countertransporters (antiporters)

26
Q

What are secondary active transporters?

A

One substance going down a gradient and another going up

27
Q

Define each type of active transport

A

A.
- moved into cell
- symporter
Secondary active symporter coupled to Na (coupled = providing most energy)
B.
- moved out of cell
- symporter
Secondary active symporter coupled to potassium
C.
Secondary active antiporter coupled to sodium

28
Q

What is vesicular transport/bulk transport?

A

Moves large substances across plasma membrane

29
Q

Is vesicular transport/bulk transport dependent on a gradient?

A

Gradient independent

30
Q

Does vesicular transport/bulk transport require energy?

A

Yes

31
Q

What are two types of vesicular transport/bulk transport?

A
  1. Endocytosis
  2. Exocytosis
32
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Brings substance into cell
Forms vesicle
Removes membrane from plasma membrane

33
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Removes substances from cell
Vesicle fuses to membrane
Adds membrane to plasma membrane

34
Q

What are three forms of endocytosis?

A

Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor mediated endocytosis

35
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

Cells drinking ECF and bringing nonspecific substances in

36
Q

What cells can do pinocytosis? and when do they do it?

A

All cells, all the time

37
Q

What cells can do phagocytosis?

A

Phagocytes only

38
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

Foreign substances brought into cell
- immune system

39
Q

What is receptor mediated endocytosis?

A

Specific substances brought into cell

40
Q

What cells can do receptor mediated endocytosis? and when do they do it?

A

All cells, all the time

41
Q

Where in the ICF are proteins the most in?

A

Plasma proteins > proteins of interstitial fluid

42
Q

Rank the number of proteins from most to least
1. Interstitial fluid
2. Intracellular Fluid
3. Plasma

A
  1. ICF
  2. Plasma
  3. Interstitial fluid
43
Q

What type of active transport is shown here?

A

Secondary active symporter

44
Q

What type of active transport is shown here?

A

Secondary active symporter

D1 Spring - Physiology (17 decks)

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