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D1 Spring - Physiology > 1/22: Cell Membrane, Membrane Transport, and Membrane Potential II > Flashcards

1/22: Cell Membrane, Membrane Transport, and Membrane Potential II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of transport proteins?

A

Move hydrophilic substances across the plasma membrane of cell

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2
Q

What are the three types of transport proteins?

A
  1. Channels
  2. Carriers
  3. Active transporters
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3
Q

What are channels?

A

Transmembrane proteins with a 3D shape that forms a tiny fluid filled pore connecting ECF and cytoplasm

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4
Q

What are two functions of channels?

A
  1. Facilitated diffusion of ions into and out of cell (passive; does not require energy)
  2. Can be somewhat specific (Ca+ channel Cl- channel, cation channel, etc)
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5
Q

Are channels saturable?

A

No

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6
Q

What are two types of channels?

A

Open channels
Gated channels

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7
Q

What are open channels?

A

Always open and ions freely flow through via facilitated diffusion

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8
Q

What do open channels create?

A

“Leak currents” - currents happening all the time

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9
Q

Where do gated chanels spend most of their time?

A

In the closed state

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10
Q

When do gated channels open?

A

When stimulated

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11
Q

What are the three types of gated channels?

A

a. Chemically gated
b. Mechanically gated
c. Voltage gated

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12
Q

What are four types of ion channel gating mechanisms?

A

A. ligand-gated
B. phosphorylation-gated
C. Voltage gaated
D. stretch or pressure gated

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13
Q

What two things are used for covalent modulation?

A
  1. Kinases
  2. Phosphatases
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14
Q

What are the functions of kinases and phosphatases

A

Kinase - attach covalent modulator
Phosphatase - remove covalent modulator

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15
Q

What are carriers?

A

Transmembrane proteins that move hydrophilic building blocks across the plasma membrane

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16
Q

What kind of transport do carriers use?

A

Facilitated diffusion (passive; doesn’t require energy)

17
Q

What are properties of carriers?

A
  1. Specificity
  2. Saturation
  3. competition
18
Q

What are active transporters?

A

Transmembrane proteins that move ions and hydrophilic building blocks across the plasma membrane via active transport (Active; requires energy)

19
Q

What kind of transport do active transporters use?

A

Active transport; requires energy

20
Q

What are properties of active transporters?

A
  1. Specificity
  2. Saturation
  3. Competition
21
Q

What are structural proteins?

A

Form cell to cell attachments that hold adjacent epithelial cells together

22
Q

What are the three types of attachments (cell to cell junctions) that are held together by structural proteins?

A
  1. Tight junctions
  2. Desmosomes
  3. Gap junctions
23
Q

What are tight junctions?

A

Prevents intercellular movement of fluid and dissolved substances

24
Q

What do desmosomes provide?

A

Structural support

25
Q

What are the functions of gap junctions?

A

Cell to cell communication via ions

26
Q

What are types of enzyme classifications?

A

Integral membrane proteins
Transmembrane proteins
Peripheral membrane proteins

27
Q

What are the functions of enzymes?

A

Catalyzing specific chemical reactions either on the extracellular surface of cell or inside cell

28
Q

What are properties of enzymes?

A
  1. Specificity
  2. Saturation
  3. Competition
29
Q

How long does it take to synthesize proteins?

A

approx. 2 hours

30
Q

How are proteins synthesized and stored?

A

Synthesized in advanced; stored in an inactive form, activated when needed

31
Q

What does proteins storage provide a means for?

A

Immediate protein regulation

32
Q

Interaction between substance and protein binding site follows the ________

A

Mass action model

33
Q

Where are carbohydrates attached?

A

To the EC surface of membrane lipids and proteins (glycocalyx)

34
Q

What do carbohydrates play an important role in?

A

Enabling cells to identify and interact with eachother

35
Q

Because of the selectively permeable membrane, what do we find?

A

Concentrations of various extracellular and intracellular components vary

36
Q

What is higher in the extracellular fluid?

A

Na
Ca
Cl
HCO3-
Glucose

37
Q

What is higher in the intracellular fluid?

A

K+
Mg+
Phosphates
Amino acids
pH
Proteins

D1 Spring - Physiology (17 decks)

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