๐ขโฏโดโ๐๐ถ๐ ๐ฝ๐โฉ 1 Flashcards
What is a example of a natural resource
Water
wind power
solar power
bioenergy
hydroelectric
Can renewable resources be used over and over again
Yes, if i used in a sustainable way
What is the difference between a non renewable resource and a renewable resource
A non-renewable can only be used once. Whereas a renewable one can be used over and over again.
Explain a primary job resource
Primary activities are jobs involving working directly with the earthโs rocks, soils and waters
Explain what a secondary job resource is
Secondary activities are jobs which involves making or manufacturing something
Explain what a tertiary jobs is
Tertiary activities involve a service that is useful to people
Name 4 primary jobs
Farmer
Fisher
Forestry
Worker
Miner
Name 4 secondary jobs
Carpenter
Factory worker
Baker
Builder
Name 5 tertiary jobs
Teacher
Gardaรญ
Solicitor
Shop keeper
Banker
Explain what a primary job is
Primary activities are jobs involving working directly with the earthโs rocks, soils and waters
explain what a secondary job is
Secondary activities are jobs which involves making or manufacturing something
Explain what a tertiary job is
Tertiary activities involve a service that is useful to people
What is in the water cycle
Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Run-off
Explain what evaporation is
Process of turning liquid into vapour
Explain what condensation is
Water which collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it
Explain what precipitation is
Rain, snow, sleet, or hail. That falls to our condenses on the ground
Explain what run-off is
Water โrunningโ off the surface
Where do we get irish water from?
Pollaphuca
Water goes through the filtering process to eliminate dirt,bacteria and viruses
Where do we dump our water?
Water is dumped into two main reservoirs saggart and belgard
Where is our waste water treated?
Waste water is treated at the ringsend water treatment plant to make it safe to drink again
What are the 2
main trees
Deciduous
Coniferous
Explain what a coniferous tree is
Coniferous trees have thin needle-like leaves and reproduce through their cones. They loose their leaves over a longer period of time compared to deciduous trees
Explain what a deciduous tree is
Loose their leaves in autumn and become dormant during the winter
How many people work in the forestry industry in ireland
12,000
Is wood a renewable resource?
Yes, if you manage it properly
Name 4 irish trees
Beech
Birch
Oak
Ash
Name the three layers of the earth
The core
The mantle
The crust
Who proposed that the earths continents were once joined together?
Alfred Wegener
Which two continents fit together?
The continental shelves of the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa fit together
Name three types of plate boundaries for tectonic plates
Tectonic plates moving away from eachother
Tectonic plates moving towards each other
Tectonic plates sliding past eachother
Name to types of colliding plates
Destructive
Subductive
What is plate tectonics?
Plate tectonics is the theory that explains how the Earthโs outermost layer is made up of plates that move and interact with one another.
What happens when two plates collide?
When two plates collide, they can form mountains or cause earthquakes.
What is a divergent boundary?
A divergent boundary is where two plates move away from each other, causing magma to rise up and form new crust.
What is a transform boundary?
A transform boundary is where two plates slide past each other, causing earthquakes.
What is a subduction zone?
A subduction zone is where one plate is forced underneath another plate, causing volcanic activity and earthquakes.
What is a volcano?
A volcano is an opening in the Earthโs surface where molten rock, ash, and gas can escape.
What is a pyroclastic flow?
A pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter that moves down the side of a volcano during an eruption.
What is the name of the largest active volcano in Europe?
Mount Etna is the largest active volcano in Europe
What is the name of the largest active volcano in the world?
Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano in the world, located in Hawaii
What is the difference between a shield volcano and a stratovolcano?
Shield volcanoes are broad, flat volcanoes that are formed by lava flows, while stratovolcanoes are tall volcanoes that are formed by layers of ash and lava.
What is a supervolcano?
A supervolcano is a volcano that is capable of producing an eruption with more than 1,000 cubic kilometers of material.
Name the 3 periods of folding
Alpine
Armorican
Caledonian
When were the highest mountains formed? What period?
30-35 million years ago in the Alpine period
Where can igneous rock be found?
By magma
Where can sedimentary rocks be found?
These rocks often start as sediments carried in rivers and deposited in lakes and oceans.
Name 3 common sedimentary rocks
Limestone
Sandstone
Shale
Name 3 common igneous rocks
Granite
Andesite
Diorite
Where can metamorphic rocks be found?
deep within the Earth or where tectonic plates meet.
Name 3 common metamorphic rocks
Marble
Slate
Schist
Name 3 processes in the rock cycle
Weathering and erosion
Melting
Exposure to head and pressure
Name 3 โfossil fuelsโ
Coal
Oil
Gas
Name the two main types of mining
Shaft mining
Open cast mining
How is oil and gas extracted from rock
Drilling and pumping
Name 2 types of weathering
Mechnical weathering
Chemical weathering
Explain mechanical weathering
The process of breaking big rocks into little ones
Name 5 examples of mechanical weathering
Frost
Ice
Plant roots
Running water
Sun heat
Explain chemical weathering
Involves changes that some substances can cause in the surface of the rock that make it change shape, or colour
Name 3 examples of what can cause chemical weathering
Carbon dioxide
Acids
Oxygen
Explain weathering
The process that takes place as rocks, and other parts of the geosphere, are broken down into smaller pieces.
Name 5 examples of what can cause weathering
Water
Air
Chemicals
Plants
Animals
Explain what erosion is
The movement of weathered rocks by natural forces
Explain the difference between weathering and erosion
Weather breaks down rocks, erosion carries those rocks away
Name 3 things that influence mass movement
Natural processes
Natural disturbances
Human activity
Explain what gradient in natural processes is
The steeper the slope, the more likely mass movement will take place and the faster the mass movement will be should occur.
Explain what water content in natural processes is
The more water there is, the faster the mass movement that will take place. The water acts as a lubricant, while also adding weight to the regolith.
Explain what vegetation in natural processes is
This slows down mass movement, as it binds soils together. Vegetation also helps to absorb rainfall that might make the slope unstable
Explain what slope material in natural processes is
If the slope material is consolidated, as in the case of solid rock, it is less likely that mass movement will take place. In consolidated material such as a boulder clay is more likely to mode down a slope
Name 3 examples of natural disturbances
Tectonic activity: this can speed up mass movement by weakening or shifting the slope surface material
Volcanic activity can lead to a large movement if material down a slope (eg. Lahars)
Earthquakes can loosen the surface material on the sides of hills and mountains making it more likely to move down the slope
Give 3 examples of human activity
The undercutting of hillsides for road, railway line and wind farm construction
Over-cropping, overgrazing and deforestation of farm land
Quarrying for rock into hillsides
What is human activity
Human activity can speed up mass movements by weakening the slope surface material or increasing the gradient of the slope
Name 4 mass movements
Soil creep
Landslides
Bogburst
Mudflow
Name 3 facts about soil creep
The slowest type of mass movement at speeds of less than 1cm per year
Slope creep occurs on the gentle slopes
It is only noticed by its effects on surface objects
Name 3 facts about landslides
It occurs on steep slopes and is a rapid type of mass movement
It happens when the regolith becomes unstable due to undercutting by the sea or human activity eg. Mining, road building
What is regolith?
regolith, a region of loose unconsolidated rock and dust that sits atop a layer of bedrock.
Name two facts about bogburst
Bogbursts are most common in upland areas
The peat becomes saturated with water, after heavy rainfall, and quickly moves downslope destroying everything in its path
Name 3 facts about mudflow
Mudflows are very rapid and often occur after heavy rain
Soil is saturated and turns into mud
It can also occur after volcanic activity
