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Lilly > ๐’ขโ„ฏโ„ดโ„Š๐“‡๐’ถ๐“…๐’ฝ๐“Žโœฉ 1 > Flashcards

๐’ขโ„ฏโ„ดโ„Š๐“‡๐’ถ๐“…๐’ฝ๐“Žโœฉ 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a example of a natural resource

A

Water
wind power
solar power
bioenergy
hydroelectric

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2
Q

Can renewable resources be used over and over again

A

Yes, if i used in a sustainable way

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3
Q

What is the difference between a non renewable resource and a renewable resource

A

A non-renewable can only be used once. Whereas a renewable one can be used over and over again.

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4
Q

Explain a primary job resource

A

Primary activities are jobs involving working directly with the earthโ€™s rocks, soils and waters

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5
Q

Explain what a secondary job resource is

A

Secondary activities are jobs which involves making or manufacturing something

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6
Q

Explain what a tertiary jobs is

A

Tertiary activities involve a service that is useful to people

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7
Q

Name 4 primary jobs

A

Farmer
Fisher
Forestry
Worker
Miner

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8
Q

Name 4 secondary jobs

A

Carpenter
Factory worker
Baker
Builder

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9
Q

Name 5 tertiary jobs

A

Teacher
Gardaรญ
Solicitor
Shop keeper
Banker

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10
Q

Explain what a primary job is

A

Primary activities are jobs involving working directly with the earthโ€™s rocks, soils and waters

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11
Q

explain what a secondary job is

A

Secondary activities are jobs which involves making or manufacturing something

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12
Q

Explain what a tertiary job is

A

Tertiary activities involve a service that is useful to people

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13
Q

What is in the water cycle

A

Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Run-off

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14
Q

Explain what evaporation is

A

Process of turning liquid into vapour

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15
Q

Explain what condensation is

A

Water which collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it

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16
Q

Explain what precipitation is

A

Rain, snow, sleet, or hail. That falls to our condenses on the ground

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17
Q

Explain what run-off is

A

Water โ€œrunningโ€ off the surface

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18
Q

Where do we get irish water from?

A

Pollaphuca

Water goes through the filtering process to eliminate dirt,bacteria and viruses

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19
Q

Where do we dump our water?

A

Water is dumped into two main reservoirs saggart and belgard

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20
Q

Where is our waste water treated?

A

Waste water is treated at the ringsend water treatment plant to make it safe to drink again

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21
Q

What are the 2
main trees

A

Deciduous
Coniferous

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22
Q

Explain what a coniferous tree is

A

Coniferous trees have thin needle-like leaves and reproduce through their cones. They loose their leaves over a longer period of time compared to deciduous trees

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23
Q

Explain what a deciduous tree is

A

Loose their leaves in autumn and become dormant during the winter

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24
Q

How many people work in the forestry industry in ireland

A

12,000

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25
Q

Is wood a renewable resource?

A

Yes, if you manage it properly

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26
Q

Name 4 irish trees

A

Beech
Birch
Oak
Ash

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27
Q

Name the three layers of the earth

A

The core
The mantle
The crust

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28
Q

Who proposed that the earths continents were once joined together?

A

Alfred Wegener

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29
Q

Which two continents fit together?

A

The continental shelves of the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa fit together

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30
Q

Name three types of plate boundaries for tectonic plates

A

Tectonic plates moving away from eachother
Tectonic plates moving towards each other
Tectonic plates sliding past eachother

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31
Q

Name to types of colliding plates

A

Destructive
Subductive

32
Q

What is plate tectonics?

A

Plate tectonics is the theory that explains how the Earthโ€™s outermost layer is made up of plates that move and interact with one another.

33
Q

What happens when two plates collide?

A

When two plates collide, they can form mountains or cause earthquakes.

34
Q

What is a divergent boundary?

A

A divergent boundary is where two plates move away from each other, causing magma to rise up and form new crust.

35
Q

What is a transform boundary?

A

A transform boundary is where two plates slide past each other, causing earthquakes.

36
Q

What is a subduction zone?

A

A subduction zone is where one plate is forced underneath another plate, causing volcanic activity and earthquakes.

37
Q

What is a volcano?

A

A volcano is an opening in the Earthโ€™s surface where molten rock, ash, and gas can escape.

38
Q

What is a pyroclastic flow?

A

A pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter that moves down the side of a volcano during an eruption.

39
Q

What is the name of the largest active volcano in Europe?

A

Mount Etna is the largest active volcano in Europe

40
Q

What is the name of the largest active volcano in the world?

A

Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano in the world, located in Hawaii

41
Q

What is the difference between a shield volcano and a stratovolcano?

A

Shield volcanoes are broad, flat volcanoes that are formed by lava flows, while stratovolcanoes are tall volcanoes that are formed by layers of ash and lava.

42
Q

What is a supervolcano?

A

A supervolcano is a volcano that is capable of producing an eruption with more than 1,000 cubic kilometers of material.

43
Q

Name the 3 periods of folding

A

Alpine
Armorican
Caledonian

44
Q

When were the highest mountains formed? What period?

A

30-35 million years ago in the Alpine period

45
Q

Where can igneous rock be found?

A

By magma

46
Q

Where can sedimentary rocks be found?

A

These rocks often start as sediments carried in rivers and deposited in lakes and oceans.

47
Q

Name 3 common sedimentary rocks

A

Limestone
Sandstone
Shale

48
Q

Name 3 common igneous rocks

A

Granite
Andesite
Diorite

49
Q

Where can metamorphic rocks be found?

A

deep within the Earth or where tectonic plates meet.

50
Q

Name 3 common metamorphic rocks

A

Marble
Slate
Schist

51
Q

Name 3 processes in the rock cycle

A

Weathering and erosion
Melting
Exposure to head and pressure

52
Q

Name 3 โ€œfossil fuelsโ€

A

Coal
Oil
Gas

53
Q

Name the two main types of mining

A

Shaft mining
Open cast mining

54
Q

How is oil and gas extracted from rock

A

Drilling and pumping

55
Q

Name 2 types of weathering

A

Mechnical weathering
Chemical weathering

56
Q

Explain mechanical weathering

A

The process of breaking big rocks into little ones

57
Q

Name 5 examples of mechanical weathering

A

Frost
Ice
Plant roots
Running water
Sun heat

58
Q

Explain chemical weathering

A

Involves changes that some substances can cause in the surface of the rock that make it change shape, or colour

59
Q

Name 3 examples of what can cause chemical weathering

A

Carbon dioxide
Acids
Oxygen

60
Q

Explain weathering

A

The process that takes place as rocks, and other parts of the geosphere, are broken down into smaller pieces.

61
Q

Name 5 examples of what can cause weathering

A

Water
Air
Chemicals
Plants
Animals

62
Q

Explain what erosion is

A

The movement of weathered rocks by natural forces

63
Q

Explain the difference between weathering and erosion

A

Weather breaks down rocks, erosion carries those rocks away

64
Q

Name 3 things that influence mass movement

A

Natural processes
Natural disturbances
Human activity

65
Q

Explain what gradient in natural processes is

A

The steeper the slope, the more likely mass movement will take place and the faster the mass movement will be should occur.

66
Q

Explain what water content in natural processes is

A

The more water there is, the faster the mass movement that will take place. The water acts as a lubricant, while also adding weight to the regolith.

67
Q

Explain what vegetation in natural processes is

A

This slows down mass movement, as it binds soils together. Vegetation also helps to absorb rainfall that might make the slope unstable

68
Q

Explain what slope material in natural processes is

A

If the slope material is consolidated, as in the case of solid rock, it is less likely that mass movement will take place. In consolidated material such as a boulder clay is more likely to mode down a slope

69
Q

Name 3 examples of natural disturbances

A

Tectonic activity: this can speed up mass movement by weakening or shifting the slope surface material

Volcanic activity can lead to a large movement if material down a slope (eg. Lahars)

Earthquakes can loosen the surface material on the sides of hills and mountains making it more likely to move down the slope

70
Q

Give 3 examples of human activity

A

The undercutting of hillsides for road, railway line and wind farm construction

Over-cropping, overgrazing and deforestation of farm land

Quarrying for rock into hillsides

71
Q

What is human activity

A

Human activity can speed up mass movements by weakening the slope surface material or increasing the gradient of the slope

72
Q

Name 4 mass movements

A

Soil creep

Landslides

Bogburst

Mudflow

73
Q

Name 3 facts about soil creep

A

The slowest type of mass movement at speeds of less than 1cm per year

Slope creep occurs on the gentle slopes

It is only noticed by its effects on surface objects

74
Q

Name 3 facts about landslides

A

It occurs on steep slopes and is a rapid type of mass movement

It happens when the regolith becomes unstable due to undercutting by the sea or human activity eg. Mining, road building

75
Q

What is regolith?

A

regolith, a region of loose unconsolidated rock and dust that sits atop a layer of bedrock.

76
Q

Name two facts about bogburst

A

Bogbursts are most common in upland areas

The peat becomes saturated with water, after heavy rainfall, and quickly moves downslope destroying everything in its path

77
Q

Name 3 facts about mudflow

A

Mudflows are very rapid and often occur after heavy rain

Soil is saturated and turns into mud

It can also occur after volcanic activity

Lilly (15 decks)

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