1/10 Spinal Cord, Cell Biology, And Cranial Cavity Flashcards
What bones does the cap of the cranial cavity consist of?
Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones
What does the cap of the cranial cavity enclose?
Superior aspect of cerebrum
What bones do the walls of the cranial cavity consist of?
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and sphenoid bones
What do the walls of the cranial cavity enclose?
anterior, posterior, and lateral aspects of cerebrum
What bones do the walls of the basicranium consist of?
Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, and occipital bones
What do the walls of the basicranium enclose?
inferior aspect of cerebrum, the cerebellum, and brainstem
What is the basicranium divided into?
3 cranial fossae (anterior, middle, and posterior)
What does the anterior cranial fossa contain?
Frontal lobes
What does the middle cranial fossa contain?
Temporal lobes
What does the posterior cranial fossa contain?
Cerebellum and brainstem
What do the cranial fossa as a whole contain?
foramina for the passage of blood vessels and cranial nerves
What runs through the olfactory foramina?
CN I
A
Olfactory bulb
What runs through the optic foramen (canal)?
CN II
What runs through the superior orbital fissure?
CN III, IV, V1, VI
What runs through the foramen rotundum?
CN V2
What runs through the foramen ovale?
CN V3
What runs through the foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery
What runs through the carotid canal?
Internal carotid artery
B
Optic nerve
C
Ophthalmic nerve
D
Maxillary nerve
E
Mandibular nerve
J
Internal carotid artery
K
Oculomotor nerve and trochlear nerve
L
Abducent nerve
M
Middle meningeal artery
What runs through the internal acoustic meatus?
CN VII, VIII
What runs through the jugular foramen?
Jugular vein (internal)
CN IX, X, XI
What runs through the hypoglossal foramen (canal)?
CN XII
What runs through the foramen magnum?
Vertebral arteries
CN XI
Spinal cord
What is contained in the meninges and spaces between the skull/vertebrae and brain/spinal cord?
Dura, arachnoid, and pia mater
Epidural space
Subdural space
Subarachnoid space
What does the epidural space contain?
Adipose in vertebral canal
What does the subdural space contain?
Potential space
What does the subarachnoid space contain?
Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
What are the two fibrous layers that the cranial dura mater is made of?
Periosteal layer
Meningeal layer
What is the periosteal layer of dura mater adherent with and continuous with?
adherent to the cranium; continuous with external periosteum of skull
Does not continue to vertebral canal
What is the meningeal layer continuous with and fused to?
continuous into the vertebral canal (only part of dura to do this)
Fused to periosteal layer
What are the exceptions of the fusing of the periosteal layer and meningeal layer? Examples?
Dural infoldings
-falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli
Dural venous sinuses
What is the spinal cord?
Major reflex center and conduction pathway between body and brain
Continuation of the caudal medulla at the foramen magnum
Where does the spinal cord course, what is the protection?
through the vertebral canal
protected by vertebrae, epidural fat, spinal meninges, and CSF
Where does the spinal cord taper, what spinal level?
Tapers caudally as the conus medullaris at the L1/L2 vertebral level
Caudal to conus medullaris, the remaining spinal nerve roots occupy…
lumbar cistern as the cauda equina
What arises from the tip of the conus medullaris?
Filum terminale internum
What is the filum terminale internum composed of?
Vestigial neural and connective tissue, covered in pia mater
What does the filum terminale internum perforate and attach to?
distal end of the dural sac, gains arachnoid and dural layers
continues as the filum terminale externum (coccygeal ligament) to attach to the dorsum of the coccyx
What are the two regions in which the spinal cord is enlarged to accommodate increased neural connections of the limbs?
Cervical enlargement
Lumbar (lumbosacral) enlargement
What spinal segments does the cervical enlargement contain?
C4-T1
What do the anterior rami of the cervical enlargement form?
The brachial plexus to the upper limb
What spinal segments does the lumbar (lumbosacral) enlargement contain?
T11-S1
What do the anterior rami of the lumbar (lumbosacral) enlargement form?
Lumbar and sacral plexuses to the lower limb
What is the blood supply to the spinal cord (where do they come from)?
1 anterior spinal artery (from vertebral)
2 posterior spinal arteries (from vertebral/PICA)
What do the supplemental blood supplies from spinal branches become?
Segmental medullary arteries
Radicular arteries
What do the segmental medullary arteries supply? Do they reach longitudinal arteries? Anastemos?
Mostly at cervical and lumbar enlargements
Reach the longitudinal arteries, they do anastemos
What do the radicular arteries supply? Do they reach longitudinal arteries? Anastemos?
Supply posterior and anterior nerve roots
Do not reach longitudinal arteries, do not anastemos