1,000ft View Renal and GU System Flashcards
Which kidney is slightly higher
left > right because of the liver
what is included in the Hilum
renal artery, vein, lymphatics, nerves, ureter
what encases the kidney, capsule and fat pad
renal fascia
what does the Outer Cortex contain
glomeruli, proximal tubules and some of distal tubules
what does the inner medulla of the kidney contain
8-10 renal pyramids which end at papilla
where do the contents fromt he papilla drain
into minjro calices of renal pelvis then into major calices
what tapers into the ureter
renal pelvis
how many nephrons per kidney
1.2 million
at what age do we begin to lose nephrons and how much
> 40 yo and about 10% every 10 years
how much of the Cardiac output do the kidneys recieve?
20-25%
what is the first big division of the renal artery
anterior and posterior
what is the functional unit that filters
nephron
where is the renal corpuscle located
within the renal cortex
what is included in the renal corpuscle
glomerulus, bowman’s capsule, mesangial cells
what is the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus
60 mmHg
what covers the vessels in the glomerulus
epithelial cells
what are the layers of Bowman’s capsule
parietal epithelial layer - outer layer
visceral epithelial layer - tight around capillaries
what is the filtrate from the glomerular capillaries pushed through
podocyte clefts
after filtration, what is primarily within the capsular space
urine
what is included in the filtration membrane
basememnt membranes, podocytes
what is the basement membrane
negatively changed membrane that helps with filtration
prevents proteinuria
how much does the kidney filter per day
180L/day
what makes up the nephron tubules
bowmans capsule
proximal tubule
loop of Henle
distal tubule
connecting tubule
cortical collecting tubule
8-10 come together to form medullary collecting duct
what does the proximal convuluted tubule contain
suboidal cells with brush border
what is the electrolyte transport in the proximal convoluted tubules
actively reabsorbs Na+
water follows
Na+ also helps with co-transport of other electrolytes
reabsorbed into peritubular capillaries
what occurs wtihin the thin portion of the loop of henle
thin descending permeabile to H20
thin ascending permeable to ions but impermeable to water - allows for hyperosmotic urine
what occurs within the thick ascending loop of henle
active transport (ions)
what is the number one protein found in the urine
Tamm-Horsfall protein
what does Tamm-Horsfall protein bind
uropathogens
what occurs in the distal convvoluted tubule
poor permeability to water (unless ADH present)
allows reabsorption of ions (dilutes the urine)
concentration of K+ decided (based on aldoserone)
what portion of the kidney has contractile properties
renal pelvis
what carries urine from kidney to the bladder
ureters
what is the blood supply of the ureters
renal arteries
iliac arteries
abdominal aorta
gonadal arteries
internal iliac
what is the nerve innervation of the ureters
10th thoracic nerve root
pain to umbilicus
what is the smooth muscle of the bladder described as
“basket weave”
where do the ureters insert in the bladder
posterior/inferior with trigone between
what is the lining of the urethra
uroepithelium
where does the sacral plexus exit and what does it cary
S2/S3
carrying both sensory and motor along pelvic nerve
what is the Jaxtaglomerular apparatus
area where the afferernt arterioles is in contact wtih ascending loop of henle
what does the Jaxtaglomerular apparatus sense
blood pressure to help regulate the Renin release
what cells does the Jaxtaglomeruluar aparatus contain
granular cells - smooth muscle cells that sense stretch
macula densa cells (within thick ascending limb)
the drop in blood pressure and fluid volume stimulates what to be released
renin from the kidney
what is the macula densa
chemoreceptor
mark the end of the ascending thick limb of Henle
begins the distal convoluted tubule
what does the macula densa release
adenosine
what senses perfusion pressure and secretes renin
glandular cells
what does the Macula densa monitor
NaCl concentration in DCT
if decrease - go renin
if increase - suppress renin
what does angiotensin II cause
systemic vasoconstriction to elevate BP
constrict the efferent arteriole - increase pressure in glomerular capillaries - maintain GFR
what does a systemic decrease in blood pressure cause
baroreceptor stimulation and release of catecholamines
