08 - The microbiome Flashcards
Microbiome Definitions
Microflora
Microbes found within a given region
Microbiome Definitions
Microbiota
All microorganisms in a defined region
Microbiome Definitions
Microbiome
The collective genome of a given microbiota
List the heirarchy of taxonomy (8+1)…
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phyllum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
- (Strain)
- Species
- Genus
- Family
- Order
- Class
- Phyllum
- Kingdom
16s/18s rRNA sequences (part of 30S rRNA) is often used to classify bacteria because this region is…
Highly conserved in evolution
Other than 16S rRNA which other core genes may be used to identify bacteria?
- gyrA (DNA gyrase)
- recA
Name some of the unexpected environments in which bacteria have been found through sequencing…
- Blood
- CSF
- Bladder
- Organs
- Lower respiratory tract
- Womb
Distribution of microbial populations across the body…
Vary greatly (different locations represent different niches, for example Bacteroidetes liuke lactobacillus are very common in the gut/stool, whereas as Actinobacteria predominate in the nose and gut)
Alpha diversity
Bacterial diversity in a single region (“species richness”)
Beta diversity
Ratio of local/alpha versus regional diversity
Describe the factors influencing the microflora of an individual…
- Lifestyle
- Environment
- Immune system
- Host physiology
- Host genome
- Pathobiology (complication such as diabetes)
The microflora of the digestive tract have ( higher / lower ) beta diversity than those found on the skin
Lower
Which part of the body contains the bulk of the bacterial load?
Digestive tract
The human microbiome is more influenced by _________ than other mammals…
External factors
