(07) Digestive System II - Digestive Tract Flashcards
(Functions of the Digestive Tract)
- movement of what through the tube?
- digestion (both what and what)
- absorption of what?
- secretion of what three things?
- ingesta
- chemical and mechanical
- simple nutrients
- enzymes, hormones, and mucin
Then go over the review of the tubular organ layers
sorry - but it is the best way!!
(Regions of the simple stomach)
1-2. The mucosa of the simple stomach can be divided into gastric gland regions, which are distinguished by what two things?
(Size of various gland regions varies with species)
- morphology of the gastric glands and gastric pits
- types of cells present in the glands
(gastric gland regions)
1-3. What are the three of them?
- cardiac gland region
- pyloric gland region
- fundic (gastric) gland region
(Gastic Gland Region)
(Cardiac Gland Region)
- found near what? may be quite small or large?
- contains predominantly what kind of cell?
- Pits and glands are relatively what in comparison to other regions? lumen wide or thin?
- esophagus; small
- mucous cells
3 thin; wide
(Gastic Gland Region)
(Pyloric Gland Region)
- near what? predominantly what cell type?
- Generally deepest or shallowest pits? What kind of glands?
- thickest or thinnest T. muscularis?
- pyloris; mucous cells
- deepest; short, coild glands
- thickest
(Gastic Gland Region)
(Fundic (gastric) gland region)
- what and what of stomach?
- largest or smallest region (expect in what?)
- greatest or least variety of cell types in glands?
* What two species contain a non-glandular area (or esophageal region)? lined by what?
- body and fundus
2 largest (pig)
- greatest
- horse and pig; stratified squamous epithelium
(Stomach)
- T. mucosa of the empty stomach is thrown into what?
- The stomach luminal surface contains numerous depressions called what? Depth varies with what?
- The gastric epithelium consists of what type, lining the gastric pits?
- At the base of the gastric pits are openings of what?
- gastric folds
(gastric areas are premanent mucosal elecations, approximately 1-2 mm across that can be observed on your glass slides)
2. gastric pits; region of the stomach
- tall columnar
- gastric glands (these glands are simple branched or coiled tubular in morphology and fill the lamina propria)
(Stomach Luminal surface continued)
- The l. propria is sparse and contains what two things? Usually contains what?
- fine collagen fibers and free cells between gastric glands; varying amounts of diffuse lymphoid tissue
(The stomach luminal surface continued)
- What layer may occur in carnivores? May protect against what?
- This layer is located at the border between the what and what?
- What are the two parts of this layer?
- subglandular layer; perforation and microbial invasion
- lamina propria and muscularis mucosa
- stratum granulosum (very cellular)
- stratum compactum (packed collagen fibers)
Start reading in notes at this point (page 53) - sorry - just seems dumb to put this down and then forget it right away
T. muscularies has 3 layers of smooth muscle
what are they?
- what is located between the middle and outer muscle layers?
(T. serosa covers the outer most surface of the stomach)
- inner oblique
- midde circular (gives rise to sphincters)
- outer longitudinal layer
- myenteric plexus
- Luminal gastric surface and gastric pit epithelial cells are what….?
- What occurs in the base of the gastric pit with older cells displaced toward the stomach lumen?
- The entire gastric epithelium is replaced how often?
- Cells are sloughed from what?
- columnar mucus secreting cells
- mitoses
- every few days
- the surface epithelium
- Gastric gland cells are replaced by mitoses occuring in what region?
- What are displaced toward the base of the gland?
- the gland neck region
- older cells
- What protects gastric mucosa from acid stomach contents and from physical damage?
- The gastric barrier is composed of what two things?
- secreted by what?
- gastric mucosal barrier
- alkaline mucus and HCO3
- epithelial cells and tight junctions between cell apices
