07 - Bacterial Skin Diseases

Question 1

(General Considerations)

(primary physical and immunologic defense mechanisms against pathogenic bacteria)

1. hair coat
2. epidermal turnover with exfoliation
3. stratum corneum
4. epidermal lipids
5. sebum
6. immunoglobins
7. interferon, defensins and other antimicrobial polypeptides
8. normal flora

Question 2

(general considerations)

1. pyodermas should always be considered what?
2. Any predisposing conditions can potentially alter the above listed normal cutatenous defecnse mechanisms and cause a pyoderma. Rary a predispsoing condition will not be identified. The pyoderma is then called what?
3. Common predisposing conditions include
4. environmental factors (high temp and humidity)
5. allergic diseases (atopic dermatits, food allergy, flea allergy, contact allergy)
6. endocrinopathies (hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocortisicm, sex hormone imbalance)
7. poor nutrition
8. immunologic incompetence (sometimes related to neoplasia)
9. idiopathic keratinization defects
10. ectoparasites (demodicosis, scabies)
11. anatomic defects (eg skin folds)
12. innappropriate prior therapy

Answer 2

1. scondary clinical manifestation of an underlying primary problem
2. idiopathic, primary, recurrent, superficial pyoderma

Question 3

(canine pyodermas)

1. pyoderma means what?
2. in a clinical setting the pustular or purulent lesion may not be present macroscopically

(therefore for practical purposes pyoderma is a bacterial infection within the skin associated or not with pus-producing lesions)

Answer 3

1. pus in the skin (any pus producing bacterial disease)

Question 4

(canine pyoderma)

(causes)

1. what is by far the most common?
2. what are found in low number of cases?
3. gram- such as proteus, pseudomonas, and E Coli may be found as what?
4. Staph spp and g- can be isolated in what?

Answer 4

1. Staphylococcus pseudointermedius (more than 90%)
2. S. aureus and S. schleifer (often cause of canine otitis externa)
3. secondary invaders with pyoderma (these agents more often seen as causes of otitis)
4. deep infectinos

Question 5

(Important Facts)

1. S. pseudointermedius, S. Schleiferi, and S. aureus produce what?
2. beta-lactamase destorys what?
3. So don’t use these medications to manage canine pyoderma

Answer 5

1. beta-lactamase
2. penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin

(strains of prior bacteria also resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline)

Question 6

(Classification of Pyoderma)

1. Primary and secondary?
2. Site - used to denote what?
3. according to pathogen - used when?
4. depth of infection (superficial vs deep)

look at further explanation on p42

Answer 6

1. since most pyodermas are secondary to either other skin disease or systemic disease this isn’t very helpful
2. specific regional dermatoses (nose pyoderma)
3. when caused by unusual pathogen (nocardiosis, atypical mycobacteriosis)

Question 7

(Pyotraumatic Dermatitis (acute moist dermatitis))

1. common canine bacterial skin disease
2. esp dogs with thick, long coats - why?
3. more common in what weather?
4. rapid onset
5. etiology?

Answer 7

2. more water/moisture on skin surface
3. hot/humid
4. self inflicted - underlying problems cause dog to lick, chew, and/or scratch.

moisture and trauma cause maceration and erosion of stratum corneum resulting in secondary bacterial infection

(common underlying or initiating problems)

allergic skin deseases, ectoparasites, anal sac disease, otitis externa, bacterial folliculities, trauma (minor wounds), dirty, matted hair coat, foreign body

just read the rest on p43

Question 8

(Pyotraumatic Dermatitis)

1. hot spot is self-induced
2. always look for what?
3. dogs with thick, long hair coats will often develop hot spots during hot and humid weather

Answer 8

2. underlying condition and treat it to prevent recurrences

Question 9

(Skin Fold Pyodermas)

1. pathomechanism: areas of skin folds present in certain breeds predispose to maceration of stratum corneum and bacterial growth because of… what three things?

Answer 9

1. constant skin rubbing
2. poor air circulation
3. accumulation of moisture from secretions and secretions (sebum, tears, saliva, urine)

Question 10

(2. All Skin Fold Pyodermas are characterized by exudative, odiferous, erythematous lesions within skin folds)

(Lip fold pyodermas)

1. lower lip folds in cocker and springer spaniels, setters and st. bernards
2. client complaint is what?
3. read treatment on p44

Answer 10

2. halitosis

Question 11

(2. All Skin Fold Pyodermas are characterized by exudative, odiferous, erythematous lesions within skin folds)

(Facial fold pyodermas)

1. folds between eyes and nose in what breeds?
2. Concurrent whats are common?
3. read treatment on p44

Answer 11

1. brachycephalic breeds (pugs, boston terriers, bulldog, etc)
2. traumatic corneal abrasions or ulcerations

Question 12

(2. All Skin Fold Pyodermas are characterized by exudative, odiferous, erythematous lesions within skin folds)

(Vulvar fold pyodermas)

1. which individuals get this?
2. client complaint is what?
3. clnical signs may include what?
4. secondary ascending urinary tract infection may occur
5. read treatment on p44-45

Answer 12

1. obese females which may have been spayed before first estrus (vulvas are recessed/infantile)
2. excess licking at vulva, foul odor and painful urination
3. peri-vulvar erosions to ulcerations

Question 13

(2. All Skin Fold Pyodermas are characterized by exudative, odiferous, erythematous lesions within skin folds)

(Tail fold pyodermas)

1. may be seen with what?
2. read treatmen ton p45

Answer 13

1. corkscrew tails (bulldogs, boston terriers, pugs, etc)

Question 14

(2. All Skin Fold Pyodermas are characterized by exudative, odiferous, erythematous lesions within skin folds)
1. all skin fold pyodermas are what?
2. What of the anatomic defect offers potential for permanent cure?

Answer 14

1. exudative, odiferous, and erythmetaous lesions within skin folds localized to the lip, nose, vulva, and tail
2. surgical ablation

Question 15

(Impetigo (superficial pustular dermatitis, puppy pyoderma))

1. subcorneal pustules that affect what?

where is infection?

2. just read the rest on p45-46… (will quiz on important facts)

Answer 15

1. sparsely haired skin (groin,abdomen, and axiallae) in dogs less that 1 year

just below stratum corneum (subcorneal)

Question 16

(Impetigo (superficial pustular dermatitis, puppy pyoderma))

(Important Facts)

1. What and where?
2. what age?
3. can it be self-limiting?
4. usually requires what therapy?
5. look for what?

Answer 16

1. pustules, papules, crusts and epidermal collarettes in sparesely haired skin of the groin, abdomen and axillae
2. dogs less than 1 year
3. yes
4. topical
5. underlying conditions

(she said something about deep tissue culture being on the test)