[06] Stress Response Flashcards
Which gland is primarily involved in the stress response?
Adrenal gland
What are the two main hormones released during a stress response?
- Cortisol
- Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
What is the role of adrenaline in the stress response?
It prepares the body for a ‘fight or flight’ response
What are the effects of adrenaline on the body?
- Increases heart rate
- Increases blood pressure
- Increases energy production
What is the role of cortisol in the stress response?
It helps the body manage stress over a longer period
What are the effects of cortisol on the body?
- Increases blood sugar
- Suppresses the immune system
- Aids in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism
What triggers the release of these stress hormones?
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
What is the HPA axis?
A complex set of interactions between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland
What role does the hypothalamus play in the HPA axis?
It releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
What role does the pituitary gland play in the HPA axis?
It releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in response to CRH
What role does the adrenal gland play in the HPA axis?
It releases cortisol and adrenaline in response to ACTH
How does the body return to normal after a stress response?
Negative feedback mechanisms reduce hormone production
How does chronic stress affect the endocrine system?
It can lead to constant activation of the HPA axis, potentially causing health problems
What are some potential negative health effects of chronic stress?
- High blood pressure
- Heart disease
- Diabetes
- Anxiety and depression
How can stress responses be managed?
- Relaxation techniques
- Regular exercise
- Adequate sleep
- Healthy diet
