[05] Regulation of Blood Glucose Level Flashcards
Which hormones regulate the blood glucose level?
- Insulin
- Glucagon
Which organ produces insulin and glucagon?
Pancreas
What is the function of insulin in blood glucose regulation?
It lowers blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells
What is the function of glucagon in blood glucose regulation?
It raises blood glucose levels by promoting glucose release from stored glycogen
What cells in the pancreas produce insulin?
Beta cells
What cells in the pancreas produce glucagon?
Alpha cells
What happens to blood glucose levels after a meal?
They increase, triggering insulin release
What happens to blood glucose levels during fasting or between meals?
They decrease, triggering glucagon release
What condition results from the body not producing enough insulin or not responding to insulin effectively?
Diabetes mellitus
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 is due to insufficient insulin production, Type 2 is due to reduced response to insulin
How is blood glucose level regulation affected in Type 1 diabetes?
Without enough insulin, blood glucose levels can become dangerously high
How is blood glucose level regulation affected in Type 2 diabetes?
Despite ample or even excessive insulin, cells don’t respond properly, leading to high blood glucose
What are the symptoms of high blood glucose (hyperglycemia)?
- Frequent urination
- Excessive thirst
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
What are the symptoms of low blood glucose (hypoglycemia)?
- Sweating
- Shaking
- Confusion
- Unconsciousness
How is hyperglycemia treated?
By injecting insulin
