[01] Hormones and their Receptors Flashcards
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands
What are hormone receptors?
Proteins on or in cells that hormones bind to
What happens when a hormone binds to its receptor?
It triggers a response in the cell
What are the two main types of hormones?
- Steroid hormones
- Peptide hormones
What are steroid hormones?
Lipid-soluble hormones derived from cholesterol
What are peptide hormones?
Water-soluble hormones made of amino acids
How do steroid hormones interact with their receptors?
They enter the cell and bind to intracellular receptors
How do peptide hormones interact with their receptors?
They bind to receptors on the cell surface
What is the response to steroid hormone binding?
It alters gene expression in the cell
What is the response to peptide hormone binding?
It activates a second messenger system in the cell
What are examples of steroid hormones?
- Cortisol
- Estrogen
- Testosterone
What are examples of peptide hormones?
- Insulin
- Growth hormone
- Glucagon
What is the role of cortisol?
It helps the body respond to stress
What is the role of estrogen?
It regulates female reproductive functions
What is the role of testosterone?
It regulates male reproductive functions
