[03] Effects of Hormones on their Target Cells Flashcards
What is a hormone?
A chemical messenger released into the bloodstream
How do hormones reach their target cells?
They are transported through the bloodstream
What are target cells?
Cells that have receptors for a specific hormone
What is a hormone receptor?
A protein that a hormone binds to
Where can hormone receptors be located?
- On the cell surface
- Inside the cell
What happens when a hormone binds to its receptor?
It triggers a response in the cell
What are the two main types of hormones based on their mechanism of action?
- Steroid hormones
- Peptide hormones
How do steroid hormones work?
They pass through the cell membrane and bind to receptors inside the cell
How do peptide hormones work?
They bind to receptors on the cell surface
Can you provide an example of a steroid hormone?
Cortisol
Can you provide an example of a peptide hormone?
Insulin
What is the role of cortisol in its target cells?
It helps manage stress and regulate metabolism
What is the role of insulin in its target cells?
It allows glucose to enter the cell
How does a hormone know where its target cells are?
It doesn’t, it’s released into the bloodstream and binds to any cell with the correct receptor
How do hormones affect the behavior of their target cells?
They can alter the cell’s activity, stimulate or inhibit the cell’s function
