06. Measurement Flashcards
3 Dimensional Quantities (RTT)
Repeatability
Temporal Extent
Temporal Locus
Repeatability
When the behavior can be counted (Count, Rate, Celeration)
Celeration
Count per unit of time/time
Temporal Extent
When the duration of behavior can be measure (duration)
Temporal Locus
Measuring the time at when the behavior occurs (point in time
Response Latency
Time between onset of a stimulus and initiation of a response
Interresponse Tme
Amount of time that elapses between 2 consecutive instances of a response class
2 Derivative Measures
- Percentage
2. Trials-to-Criterion
Trials-to-Criterion
A measure of the number of response opportunities needed to achieve a predetermined level of performance
2 Definitional Measures
- Topography
2. Magnitude
Topography
Form or shape of the response, not the function
Magnitude
Force, intensity, severity of the behavior
Continuous Measurement Procedures
Measurement conducted in a manner such that ALL instanced of the response class are detected during the observation period (event recording)
Discontinuous Measurement Procedures
Measurement conducted in a manner such that some instances of the response class of interest may not be detected (time sampling methods)
3 Procedures for Measuring Behavior ETT
Event Recording
Timing
Time Sampling
Timing
Used to measure duration, response latency, and interresponse time
Time Sampling
A variety of methods for recording behavior during intervals or at specific moments in time
3 Forms of Time Sampling (WPM)
Whole Interval Recording
Partial Interval Recording
Momentary Time Sampling
Planned Activity Check
A group version of momentary time sampling where the teacher count the number of students engaging in the behavior at the end of the interval
Ethics Warning: Measurement
Select a measurement method that provides the most ethical and valid description of the target behavior
Ethics Warning: Planning Observation
Truly capture what the target behavior really looks like when you conduct data collection
Scheduling Observation and Recording Periods
Think about the time of day, week, weather conditions, task assignments, etc.
3 Indicators of Trustworthy Measurement (VAR)
Validity
Accuracy
Reliability
Vailidity
Directly measuring socially significant behaviors and ensuring that the data are representative of the behavior occurrence under conditions during relevant times.
Threats to Measurement Validity
Indirect Measurements, Measuring the wrong dimension of the target behavior, Measurement artifacts
Measurement Artifcacts
Discontinuous measurement
Poorly scheduled measurement periods
Insensitive/limited measurement scales
Accuracy
The extent to which the observed value matched the true value of an event
Measuring True Values
Process must be different than the measurement procedure for the observed values.
Reliability
the extent to which a measurement procedure uyiled the same value when brought into repeated contact with the same state of nature.
Threats to Measurement Reliability
Human error
Poorly designed measurement
Inadequate observer training
Expectations about what the data should look like
Observer Drift
hen an observer unknowingly alters the way they measure a behavior
Measurement Bias
Nonrandom measurement error that is likely to be in one direction.
Observer Reactivity
Measurement error resulting from an observer’s knowledge that others are evaluating the data that she reports
Interobserver Agreement
The degree to which 2 or more independent observers report the same values after measuring the same events
3 Requisites for Obtaining IOA
Observing must use the same measurement System
Same Event
Observers must be independent
4 Event Recording IOA’s (TMET)
Total Count IOA
Mean Count-per-Interval IOA
Exact Count-per-Interval IOA
Trial by Trial IOA
2 Timing/Duration IOA’s (TM)
Total Duration IOA
Mean Duration-per-Occurrence IOA
3 Interval Recording/Time Sampling IOAs (ISU)
Interval-by-Interval IOA
Scored Interval IOA
Unscored Interval IOA
Total Count IOA
Smaller number divided by larger number multiplied by 100%
Mean Count-per-Interval IOA
INT1 IOA + INT2 IOA etc. divided by the total number of intervals.
Exact Count-per-Interval IOA
Number of Intervals of 100% IOA divided by Total number of intervals times 100%
Trial by Trial IOA
of trials of agreement divided by total number of trials times 100%
Total Duration IOA
Shorter Duration / Longer Duration x 100%
Mean Duration-per-Occurrence IOA
IOAB1 + IOAB2 etc / # of Behaviors with duration IOA that occurred
