054 Pediatric Urologic Oncology: Bladder and Testis Flashcards
__ is the most common histology for bladder/prostate lesions.
EMBRYONAL is the most common histology for bladder/prostate lesions.
Alveolar histology is uncommon in the bladder or prostate. New studies indicated two distinct types, PAX-FOXO1 fusion positive and negative. __ tumors carry a worse prognosis.
Alveolar histology is uncommon in the bladder or prostate. New studies indicated two distinct types, PAX-FOXO1 fusion positive and negative. FUSION-POSITIVE tumors carry a worse prognosis.
Bladder/prostate tumors typically present with symptoms of __, __, or __.
Bladder/prostate tumors typically present with symptoms of OBSTRUCTION, RETENTION, or HEMATURIA.
__ is a principle goal of treatment; therefore, most patients treated in COG protocols undergo endoscopic/open biopsy as the initial step.
ORGAN PRESERVATION is a principle goal of treatment; therefore, most patients treated in COG protocols undergo endoscopic/open biopsy as the initial step.
__ and a surgical-pathologic group classification contribute to the patient’s final risk group assignment, which in turn determines therapy. New to the current study is the use of fusion status for therapeutic group assignment.
PRETREATMENT TNM STAGING and a surgical-pathologic group classification contribute to the patient’s final risk group assignment, which in turn determines therapy. New to the current study is the use of fusion status for therapeutic group assignment.
__ arise from an unfavorable site and gross residual tumor usually remains after biopsy, therefore most patients are assigned into the intermediate risk group.
BLADDER/PROSTATE TUMORS arise from an unfavorable site and gross residual tumor usually remains after biopsy, therefore most patients are assigned into the intermediate risk group.
A residual mass after chemo/radiotherapy DOES/DOES NOT necessarily mean viable tumor remains.
A residual mass after chemo/radiotherapy DOES NOT necessarily mean viable tumor remains.
__ are differentiated tumor cells (not active malignant tumor) that do not require further treatment but should be followed closely.
RHABDOMYOBLASTS are differentiated tumor cells (not active malignant tumor) that do not require further treatment but should be followed closely.
__ is the most common female genital site. The majority are embryonal histology, and organ preservation strategies have resulted in excellent overall survival.
VAGINAL RMS is the most common female genital site. The majority are embryonal histology, and organ preservation strategies have resulted in excellent overall survival.
Ovarian tumors comprise 1% of all childhood cancers. Ovarian tumors are histologically classified as __, __, or __ tumors.
Ovarian tumors comprise 1% of all childhood cancers. Ovarian tumors are histologically classified as GERM CELL, SEX CORD, or EPITHELIAL tumors.
A large percentage of prepubertal testis tumors are __; therefore testicular preservation approaches are often indicated.
A large percentage of prepubertal testis tumors are BENIGN; therefore testicular preservation approaches are often indicated.
Ultrasonography CAN/CANNOT reliably distinguish benign from malignant lesions.
Ultrasonography CANNOT reliably distinguish benign from malignant lesions.
__ is the relevant biomarker in prepubertal testis tumors, and elevation is associated with yolk sac tumors.
AFP is the relevant biomarker in prepubertal testis tumors, and elevation is associated with yolk sac tumors.
AFP levels must be interpreted with caution as physiologic elevation above normal values is common in children less than age __.
AFP levels must be interpreted with caution as physiologic elevation above normal values is common in children less than age 1 YEAR.
Paratesticular RMS arises from the __, __, or the __.
Paratesticular RMS arises from the TESTICULAR TUNICA, EPIDIDYMIS, or the SPERMATIC CORD.
