006 Assessment of Urologic and Surgical Outcomes

Question 1

The effectiveness of health services delivery and treatment can be measured across three distinct dimensions: __, __, and __.

Answer 1

The effectiveness of health services delivery and treatment can be measured across three distinct dimensions: STRUCTURE, PROCESS, and OUTCOMES.

Question 2

Mortality is the “hardest” endpoint one can assess in urology. That being said, it can be subject to bias. Specifically studies using overall mortality can still be subject to lead- and length-time bias, and studies using disease-specific mortality may be subject to __.

Answer 2

Mortality is the “hardest” endpoint one can assess in urology. That being said, it can be subject to bias. Specifically studies using overall mortality can still be subject to lead- and length-time bias, and studies using disease-specific mortality may be subject to ATTRIBUTION BIAS.

Question 3

While there are many proxy endpoints in urology, few meet all four requirements for being a __. Despite this, urologists routinely use proxy endpoints in research and clinical practice.

Answer 3

While there are many proxy endpoints in urology, few meet all four requirements for being a VALID SURROGATE ENDPOINT. Despite this, urologists routinely use proxy endpoints in research and clinical practice.

Question 4

There are a number of published and widely accepted criteria for defining disease progression and surgical complications in urology. While these urologists should use these reporting systems whenever possible, they should also remember that the use of these systems DOES/DOES NOT completely eliminate the potential for bias in research due to study design and other factors.

Answer 4

There are a number of published and widely accepted criteria for defining disease progression and surgical complications in urology. While these urologists should use these reporting systems whenever possible, they should also remember that the use of these systems DOES NOT completely eliminate the potential for bias in research due to study design and other factors.

Question 5

__, __, and __ are important potential confounders that should be considered in urologic research. There are numerous standardized tools available to capture these variables.

Answer 5

FRAILTY, FUNCTIONAL STATUS, and COMORBIDITY are important potential confounders that should be considered in urologic research. There are numerous standardized tools available to capture these variables.

Question 6

There are numerous patient-reported outcome tools available to assess symptoms and quality of life in patients with urologic diseases. Physicians and researchers should always use __ and __ patient-centered tools when possible.

Answer 6

There are numerous patient-reported outcome tools available to assess symptoms and quality of life in patients with urologic diseases. Physicians and researchers should always use VALIDATED and RELIABLE patient-centered tools when possible.